Estrogen receptor transduction signal pathway

With regard to estrogen-associated toxicity, the primary mechanism appears to be via association with the estrogen receptor and subsequent alteration in the signal transduction pathway. Many studies of toxicokinetics suggest the difficulty in extrapolating structure-activity relationships of particular compounds with their influence on biological responses (e.g., reproduction, neuroendocrine behavior). 

Bates, G.J., Pace, P.E.,Thirunuvakkarasu, V., Taylor, J., Epstein, R.J., Fuller-Pace, F.V., Egly, J.M., Coombes, R.C. and Ali, S. (2002) Phosphorylation of human estrogen receptor a at serine 118 by two distinct signal transduction pathways revealed by phosphorylation-spedfic antisera. 

The B-ring in isoflavones is phenolic and therefore similar to that in tyrosine (Figure 1). Accordingly, we hypodiesize that isoflavones react with ONOO, HOCl, and HOBr, thereby forming new isoflavone derivatives at the site of inflmnmation. These modifications to the isoflavones may alter their properties at specific receptor sites such as the estrogen receptors and in signal transduction pathways. 

The mechanism of repulsion or negative chemotaxis in zoospores is not yet kiK)wn, but in bacteria Ix activities are mediated by the modification of common receptor and signal transduction pathways (29). Notably, while several isoflavones with structural similarity to daidzein functioned as chemoattractants for Ph, sojacy many related flavonoids had repellent activities (i9). The importance of flavonoids in the case of Ph. sojae, and estrogenic substances in the case of A. cochlioides, in deterring infection of nonhost plants, certainly warrants additional investigation. 

Interaction with receptors (aryl hydrocarbon, estrogen, 67-kDa laminin, etc.) Modulation of signal transduction pathway (NrF2/keap 1, MEK/ERK, etc.) Antimutagenesis LOX inhibition... 

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