Signalling pathway regulation

Davis, K. E., Straff, D. J., Weinstein, E. A., Bannerman, P. G., Correale, D. M., Rothstein, J. D and Robinson, M. B. (1998) Multiple signaling pathways regulate cell surface expression, and activity of the excitatory amino acid carrier 1 subtype of Glu transporter in C6 glioma. J. Neurosci. 18,2475-2485. 

Phospholipase C, which occurs in different subtypes in the cell, is a key enzyme of phosphatide inositol metabohsm (for cleavage specificity, see Fig. 5.24). Two central signaling pathways regulate phosphohpase C activity of the cell in a positive way (Fig. 6.4). Phospholipases of type CP (PL-CP) are activated by G-proteins and are thus linked into signal pathways starting from G-protein-coupled receptors. Phosphohpases of type Y (PL-Cy), in contrast, are activated by transmembrane receptors with intrinsic or associated tyrosine kinase activity (see Chapter 8, Chapter 10). The nature of the extracellular stimuli activated by the two major reaction pathways is very diverse (see Fig 6.4), which is why the phosphohpase C activity of the cell is subject to multiple regulation. 

Jenkins GI, Long JC, Wade HK, Shenton MR, Bibikova TN. 2001. UV and blue light signaling Pathways regulating chalcone synthase gene expression in Arabidopsis. New Phytol 151 121-131. 

Nordin, K., Heino, P. Plava, E.T. (1991). Separate signal pathways regulate the expression of a low temperature induced gene in Ara-bidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Plant Molecular Biology 16, 1061-71. 

Swarthout JT, D Alonzo RC, Selvamurugan N, Partridge NC. Parathyroid hormone-dependent signaling pathways regulating genes in bone cells. Gene. 2002 282 1-17. 

Ryter, Stefan W. Ottenbein, Leo E. Morse Danielle et al. Heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide signaling pathways Regulation and functional significance. Mol Cell Biochem, No. 234/235 249-263 2002. 

Cytokines and signaling pathways regulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in corneal epithelial cells. J Cell Physiol 221(2) 402-411. doi 10.1002/... 

Fig. 2 Signaling pathways regulated by the SIP family of G protein-coupled receptors. The five known SIP receptors and the G proteins that couple to them are indicated. Cell signaling pathways downstream of receptor signaling are also indicated. AC adenylyl cyclase, ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase, PLC phospholipase C, PI3K phosphoinositol 3-kinase, JNK c-.liin N-terminal kinase...

Frolenkov GI, Mammano F, Belyantseva IA, Coling D, Kachar B. 2000. Two distinct Ca -dependent signaling pathways regulate the motor output of cochlear outer hair cells. J Neurosci 20 5940-5948. 

Yueh, M. F. and Tukey, R. H. (2007) Nrf2-Keapl signaling pathway regulates human UGT1A1 expression in vitro and in transgenic UGT1 mice. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 8749-8758. 

Foster, R. H. (2004). Reciprocal influences between the signalling pathways regulating pro-... 

England, K., Watson, J., Beale, G., Warner, M., Cross, J., and Rumsby, M. (2001). Signalling pathways regulating the dephosphorylation of Ser729 in the hydrophobic domain of protein kinase C epsilon upon cell passage. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 10,437-10,442. 

R. Morimoto, D.M. Kurnit, K. Mori, R.J. Kaufman, Complementary signaling pathways regulate the unfolded protein response and are required for C. elegans development, Cell 2001, 107, 893-903. 

SHIMIZU, K., KELLER, N.P., Genetic involvement of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase in a G protein signaling pathway regulating morphological and chemical transitions m Aspergillus nidulans. Genetics, 2001,157, 591-600. 

Evidence regarding the molecular mechanism by which Phe includes pathology in the PKU brain has been previously reported. Elevated levels of Phe, in the range detected in untreated PKU mice and humans (about 1200 J,), act as a moderate noncompetitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, the key regulatory enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway (Shefer et al., 2000). Since cholesterol is a major lipid in the myelin membrane and has been implicated in signaling pathways regulating cytoskeleton in the myelin sheath (Dyer et al., 2000), a moderate inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase is likely to have a major impact on the ability of oligodendrocytes to elaborate myelin. Indeed, exposure of cultured immature... 

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