ERK signaling pathway

Kohno M, Pouyssegur J (2006) Targeting the ERK signaling pathway in cancer therapy. Ann Med 38 200-211... 

The Ras to Raf to Erk signaling pathway depicted in fignre 24.1 is important but it is not the most important signaling pathway associated with development of human tumors, particularly those tumors that are most frequently fatal to cancer patients. That honor goes to the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, P13K, signaling pathway. This pathway is complex and 1 shall not describe it. 

Dumaz N, Marais R (2005) Integrating signals between cAMP and the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signalling pathways. Based on the anniversary prize of the Gesellschaft fur Biochemie und Molekularbiologie Lecture delivered on 5 July 2003 at the Special FEBS Meeting in Brussels. FEBS J 272 3491-3504... 

Increased expression of SK4 channels, a member of the Ca2+-activated K+ channel superfamily, is found in all primary pancreatic cancer tissue tested and inhibition of SK4 activity suppresses proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells (Jager et al. 2004). This channel positively regulates cell proliferation in response to mitogenic activation of the Ras/ERK signaling pathway (Pena et al. 2000). Small-conductance Kca channels (SK3) are expressed in a highly metastasizing mammary cancer cell line MDA-MB-435S and in tumor breast biopsies but not in non-tumor breast tissues (Potier et al. 2006). 

Barford, D., Marais, R. Mechanism of activahon of the RAF-ERK signaling pathway by oncogenic mutations of B-RAF. Cell. 2004, 116, 855-867. 

Villegas, S. N., Njaine, B., Linden, R., and Carri, N. G. (2006). Glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) prevents ethanol (EtOH) induced B92 glial cell death by both PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Brain Res. Bull. 71(1-3), 116-126. 

Ellert-Miklaszewska, A., Kanunska, B., and. Konarska, L. (2005) Cannabinoids down-regulate PI3K/Akt and Erk signalling pathways and activate proapoptotic function of Bad protein. Cell Signal 17(1), 25-37. 

Manousaridis, 1., Mavridou, S., Goerdt, S., Leverkus, M., Utikal, J. (2013) Cutaneous side effects of inhibitors of the RAS/RAF/ MEK/ERK signalling pathway and their management. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereal, 27 (1), 11-18. 

Hafner, A., N. Obermajer, and J. Kos. gamma-Enolase C-terminal peptide promotes cell survival and neurite outgrowth by activation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signalling pathways, 443(2), 2012 439-50. 

Tague, S. E., Muralidharan, V., and D Souza-Schorey, C. (2004). ADP-ribosylation factor 6 regulates tumor cell invasion through the activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 9671-9676. 

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