Incinerated

Treat the effluent using incineration, biplogical digestion, etc. to a form suitable for discharge to the environment, called end-of -pipe treatment. 

Combustion in an incinerator is the only practical way to deal with many waste streams.This is particularly true of solid and concentrated wastes and toxic wastes such as those containing halogenated hydrocarbons, pesticides, herbicides, etc. Many of the toxic substances encountered resist biological degradation and persist in the natural environment for a long period of time. Unless they are in dilute aqueous solution, the most effective treatment is usually incineration. 

Depending on the mix of waste being burnt, the incinerator may or may not require auxiliary firing from fuel oil or natural gas. 

Liquid injection incinerators. This t3q)e of incinerator has a cylindrical refractory-lined combustion chamber mounted verti-... 

Hearth incinerators. This type of incinerator is designed primarily to incinerate solid waste. Solids are moved through the combustion chamber mechanically using a rake. 

The policy for waste heat recovery from the flue gas varies between incinerator operators. Incinerators located on the waste producer s site tend to be fitted with waste heat recovery systems, usually steam generation, which is fed into the site steam mains. Merchant incinerator operators, who incinerate other people s waste and... 

While incineration is the preferred method of disposal for wastes containing high concentrations of organics, it becomes expensive for aqueous wastes with low concentrations of organics because auxiliary fuel is required, making the treatment expensive. Weak aqueous solutions of organics are better treated by wet oxidation (see Sec. 11.5). 

Incineration. Incinerators were discussed in Sec. 11.1. When incinerators are used to treat gaseous pollutants in relatively low concentration, auxiliary firing from fuel or other waste material normally will be necessary. The capital and operating costs may be high. In addition, long duct lines are often necessary. 

The major products of combustion are CO2, water, SO, and NO. The products of combustion are clearly beshminimized by making the process efficient in its use of energy through improved heat recovery and avoiding unnecessary incineration through minimization of process waste. 

If air is used as stripping agent, further treatment of the stripped material will be necessary. The gas might be fed to an incinerator or some attempt made to recover material by use of adsorption. 

A greater amount of steam would be generated if the noncondensible vent was treated using catalytic incineration rather than absorption. The... 

Tail gas containing traces of SO2, H2S, COS and CS2 are usually sent to a finishing processing before being incinerated. 

Differential pulse polarography and stripping voltammetry have been applied to the analysis of trace metals in airborne particulates, incinerator fly ash, rocks. 

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