Incinerator temperatures

Sulfur generally becomes SO2, although some smaller amounts are possibly converted to SO, depending on temperature. Chlorine mosdy results in HCl, but some CI2 and atomic Cl forms as well. Any atomic Cl recombines to form CI2 if quenching is rapid. Low incineration temperatures favor CI2, and high temperatures favor atomic Cl. There is an optimal temperature for minimising the total effective CI2, ie, CI2 + Cl/2. 

Alkali metal haHdes can be volatile at incineration temperatures. Rapid quenching of volatile salts results in the formation of a submicrometer aerosol which must be removed or else exhaust stack opacity is likely to exceed allowed limits. Sulfates have low volatiHty and should end up in the ash. Alkaline earths also form basic oxides. Calcium is the most common and sulfates are formed ahead of haHdes. Calcium carbonate is not stable at incineration temperatures (see Calcium compounds). Transition metals are more likely to form an oxide ash. Iron (qv), for example, forms ferric oxide in preference to haHdes, sulfates, or carbonates. SiHca and alumina form complexes with the basic oxides, eg, alkaH metals, alkaline earths, and some transition-metal oxidation states, in the ash. 

MSWIs can accept virtually any mixed waste stream as long as it falls within its calorific window of 9-13 MJ/kg (hence including material containing regular plastics and PVC content). Furthermore, the heavy metal content should not be excessive (since this can make the quality of the slag not suitable for re-use) and the material should be destructible at the rather low incineration temperature of MSWIs (850 °C). Some waste will not be efficiently destroyed. 

Hydrothermal oxidation (HO) [also called supercritical water oxidation (SeWO)] is a reactive process to convert aqueous wastes to water, CO2, O2, nitrogen, salts, and other by-products. It is an enclosed and complete water treatment process, making it more desirable to the public than incineration. Oxidation is rapid and efficient in this one-phase solution, so that wastewater containing 1 to 20 wt % organics may be oxidized rapidly in SOW with the potential for higher energy efficiency and less air pollution than in conventional incineration. Temperatures range from about 375 to 650°C and pressures from 3000 to about 5000 psia. 

Plasma induced by microwave radiation (pressure of lOmbar (1 kPa)) significantly decreases the incineration temperature The microwave-induced plasma (MIP) is used... 

Incinerator temperature will decrease because of the low heat of combustion of PCBs. 

Proper design and operation of an incinerator require attention to temperature, turbulence of the mixture being combusted, and residence time at the incineration temperature, generally referred to as the 3rs of combustion. To achieve efficient combustion, every part of the waste stream must reach an adequately high temperature for a sufficient period of time, and there must be adequate mixture of waste and oxygen. Cool spots can occur next to the furnace s walls where heat is extracted such as in boiler-type furnaces. Cold spots are less likely in refractory lined furnaces, such as in cement kilns. 

Incineration temperatures 790 to 980°C heat release from combustion 150 to 250 kW/mT Reactors solids residence time 4 to 5 h. 

Sintering capacity 0.015 to 0.04 kg/s m. For fast reactions, bulk phase him diffusion may control, and pore diffusion may control if the solid diameter is >1.5 nun. Incineration temperature 1000°C solid residence 1200 to 2700 s. See heat transfer, Section 16.11.3.7. 

Thus, four parameters influence the mechanisms of incineration temperature, turbulence, residence time, and oxygen. 

Incinerator temperature can also be used to indicate air required in the reaction furnace. A high incinerator temperature, coupled with low incinerator fuel use, is a sure sign of insufficient air to the reaction furnace. Alternatively, if large amounts of fuel are required to maintain incinerator temperature, air to the reaction furnace is in excess. 

H2S to SO2 ratio at 2 1 Incinerator plume color Incinerator temperature Total temperature rise across reactors Shift in reactor temperature profile... 

Incinerator stack, 112 Incinerator temperature, 114 Incipient flood, 366-371 Inefficient stripping, 14 Infrared thermometer (temperature surveys), 515... 

Oil is moved back to the pyrolysis unit. The incineration temperature of 1700 C is adequate to melt and sterilize molten residue. 

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