Combustion incineration

Heat of combustion Incineration with/without heat Bomb calorimeter... 

Significance Crustal/soil Coal combustion Oil combustion Incineration (refuse) Motor vehicle Marine Cement concrete Mining metal working... 

Incinerators are used to bum hazardous waste primarily for waste destruction/treatment purposes however, some energy or material recovery can occur. When performed properly, incineration destroys the toxic organic constituents in hazardous waste and reduces the volume of the waste.3 Since metals will not combust, incineration is not an effective method for treating metalbearing hazardous wastes. 

Although most of the polymeric objects are combustible, incineration is not always a feasible method of disposal because of attendant air pollution => Biodegradable plastics . 

The form of nickel emitted to the atmosphere varies according to the type of source. Species associated with combustion, incineration, and metals smelting and refining are often complex nickel oxides, nickel sulfate, metallic nickel, and in more specialized industries, nickel silicate, nickel subsulfide, and nickel chloride (EPA 1985a). 

For illustration, a number of high-temperature gas-phase processes are discussed in some detail in this and the following chapter. Low-temperature applications such as atmospheric chemistry are outside the scope of this book. High-temperature gas-phase reactions are important in combustion, incineration, flue gas-cleaning, petrochemical processes, as well certain processes in chemical synthesis and materials production. While the details of these systems may vary significantly, they share some characteristics that are common for all gas-phase reaction mechanisms. 

McCulloch A, Aucott ML, Benkovitz CM, Graedel TE, Kleiman G, Midgley PM, Li YF (1999) Global Emissions of Hydrogen Chloride and Chloromethane from Coal Combustion, Incineration, and Industrial Activities Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory. 

Fig. 4. GC-MS(EI) mass fragmentograms of the molecular ions for tetraCN to octaCN in a sample of fly ash (particle phase) collected in a municipal waste combustion incinerator and Halowax 1014 on a phenyl-methylpolysiloxane (5%) column [Dr. Rasha Ishaq, Stockholm...

McCulloch A., Aucott M. L., Benkovitz C. M., Graedel T. E., Kleinman G., Midgley P. M., and Li Y.-F. (1999) Global emissions of hydrogen chloride and chloromethane from coal combustion, incineration and industrial activities reactive chlorine emissions inventory. J. Geophys. Res. 

Yang, M. Karra, S. Senkan, S.M. Equilibrium-analysis of combustion incineration. Hazard Waste Hazard Mater. 1987, 4, 55-68. 

The results of Fig. 2.7 indicate that a significant fraction of particles in the nanometer size range will escape from electrostatic precipitator. for /i/oot values of the order of 10 ion sec cm . Such particles tend to form in high-temperature processes such as coal combustion, incineration, and the smelting of ores. Data are lacking on nanoparticle emissions from industrial electrostatic precipitators treating gases from coal-fired power plants or smelters. 

The main types of air cleaning equipment are mechanical separators, filtration devices, wet collectors, electrostatic precipitators, gas adsorbers, and combustion incinerators. 

Combustion Incineration Combustion incinerators use oxidation to convert gases and vapors into less harmful material. However, not all gases and vapors end up in a harmless form. Combustion may involve direct flame or catalytic combustion. For some gases and vapors, efficiencies may reach 98%. 

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