Incineration organic process waste disposal

As an example of incinerator use in the pesticide industry, one plant operates two incinerators to dispose of wastewater from six pesticide products [7]. They are rated at heat release capacities of 35 and 70 milhon Btu/hour and were designed to dispose of two different wastes. The first primary feed stream consists of approximately 95% organics and 5% water. The second stream consists of approximately 5% organics and 95% water. The energy generated in burning the primary stream is anticipated to vaporize all water in the secondary stream and to oxidize all the organics present. Wastes from two of the six pesticide processes use 0.55% and 4.68% of the incinerator capacity, respectively. The volume of the combined pesticide... 

The salt-supemate solution is decontaminated for disposal as low-level waste by removing the radionuclides by precipitation and sorption. A solution of sodium tetraphenylborate is added to precipitate K, Cs, and NH4 as insoluble tetraphenylborate salts. These salts are further processed to remove most of the organic carbon. About 90% of the phenyl groups on the salt are converted to an immiscible BZ phase by formic acid hydrolysis. Currently, the BZ is steam distilled, further decontaminated if necessary, and incinerated as a low-level radioactive and hazardous (mixed) waste. Since there is tremendous public concern about incineration of mixed waste, alternative technologies are of particular interest. 

Finding 2-12a. The Army s plan to destroy highly organic neutralent waste streams by incineration is appropriate. Plasma arc systems are also adaptable to destruction of highly organic neutralents when incineration is not available or acceptable. Use of such high-temperature processes to destroy aqueous secondary wastes would be inefficient, although it may be expedient in some cases. If such aqueous liquids cannot be disposed via publicly or federally owned treatment works (POTW or EOTW), chemical oxidation or wet air oxidation may be attractive alternatives for this purpose. 

Your new job with BIG-D is to find the most economical process to recover HFC-125 from a mixture which contains HFC-125, HCl, and CFC-115. The HFC-125 product must contain no more than 100 ppm-wt of other organic impurities (e.g., CFC-115, HCFC-124, etc.) and the acidity level (as HCl) must not exceed 10 ppm-wt. In addition, the process will be more economically attractive if you can recover anhydrous HCl which contains no more than 10 ppm-wt of organic impurities. If you are unable to meet the anhydrous HCl purity specification, the HCl must be absorbed in water (35 wt%) and subsequently air stripped to remove the organic impurities. Aqueous HCl solutions are a drug on the market and have essentially no value the absorption route is used only to avoid neutralization and waste disposal costs. Organics in the air stripper offgas must be collected and disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner (e.g., incineration). 

INCINERATION can be adapted to the destruction of a wide variety of hazardous wastes, and, unlike many other methods, is often a permanent solution to the disposal problem. Incineration is not a new technology and has been used for treating organic hazardous waste for many years. The major benefit of incineration is that the process actually destroys most of the waste rather than just disposing of or storing it (Oppelt, 1987). 

After mixing, the solvent and waste are separated. The solvent with dissolved organics is called the extract. The waste remaining after extraction is called the raffinate. The extract may be sent to a distillation or steam stripping unit to separate the dissolved organics from the solvent and the solvent can be recycled back to the extraction process. The raffinate may require additional treatment or may be disposed or incinerated. 

Organic waste is usually incinerated as part of mixed municipal waste stream. Depending on the facility and the energy use, this process can be regarded as either energy recovery or as disposal. Because the moisture content in organic waste is mostly very high (about 60%), the efficiency of such processes is quite poor. 

In MSO processing, organic wastes are chemically broken down to carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas, and water vapor in a bath of molten salt. The salt may be of various compositions, with variable melting points. Inorganic materials react with the salt mixture, producing ash and salts for subsequent treatment or disposal. The oxidation takes place at lower temperatures than incineration or other combustion technologies. 

By 1990, any hazardous waste that is to be disposed and that has a heating value greater than 3000 Btu/lb must be incinerated or go through an equivalent treatment process. Also, in 1990, hazardous wastes destined for disposal and containing volatile organic compounds in concentrations exceeding standards to be determined by DHS must be incinerated or be disposed by an equivalent treatment process. 

Spent activated carbon waste streams are generated at facilities employing both the baseline incineration system and the chemical neutralization (hydrolysis) process. Depending on the organic contaminants adsorbed, spent carbon may be classified as hazardous or nonhazardous. Other minor sources of activated carbon will be added to the main carbon filter stream for disposal. 

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