Waste incinerators water treatment

Due to environmental considerations, many phenol plants are equipped with a special water treatment faciUty where acetone and phenol are recovered from the wastewater stream. Also, recovered heavy residue is considered a K-022 waste material by the U.S. EPA and must be properly disposed of by incineration or other means (12). 

Hydrotheimal oxidation (HO) (also called supercritical water oxidation) is a reactive process to separate aqueous wastes into water, CO9, nitrogen, salts, and other byproducts. It is an enclosed and complete water-treatment process m ng it more desirable to the public than incineration (Fig. 22-25) (Tester et al., op. cit. Gloyna and Li,... 

Wastes from waste treatment facilities, off-site waste water treatment plants and the water industry 1901 wastes from incineration or pyrolisis of municipal and similar commercial, industrial and institutional wastes fly ash boiler dust... 

Release of trichloroethylene also occurs at treatment and disposal sites. Water treatment facilities may release trichloroethylene from contaminated water through volatilization and air-stripping procedures (EPA 1985e). Trichloroethylene is also released to the atmosphere through gaseous emissions from landfills. The compound may occur as either an original contaminant or as a result of the decomposition of tetrachloroethylene. Trichloroethylene has also been detected in stack emissions from the incineration of municipal and hazardous waste (James et al. 1985 Oppelt 1987). 

Hexachloroethane may also be released to air during combustion and incineration of chlorinated wastes, from hazardous waste sites, and in small amounts during chlorination of sewage effluent prior to discharge and chlorination of raw water during drinking water treatment (Gordon et al. 1991 Howard 1989). 

Disposal of solid wastes is a significant problem for the petrochemical industry. Waste solids include water treatment sludge, ashes, fly ash and incinerator residue, plastics, ferrous and nonferrous metals, catalysts, organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, filter cakes, and viscous solids. 

Occupational exposure to higher than background levels of chloroform can be expected to occur in some occupations although few quantitative exposure data were located. Populations with the highest potential exposures appear to be workers employed in or persons living near industries and facilities that manufacture or use chloroform operators and individuals who live near municipal and industrial waste water treatment plants and incinerators, and paper and pulp plants and persons who derive their drinking water from groundwater sources contaminated with leachate from hazardous waste sites. 

Because of the large volume of water Involved, Incineration Is not a preferred method. Adsorption of pesticides onto media such as activated charcoal, as well as biological and chemical treatment, are feasible methods, but they require frequent monitoring and maintenance. Evaporation ponds and soil pits have the advantages of less maintenance, applicability to a broad range of chemicals, and the ability to reduce the volume of waste via water evaporation. (1-3). In addition, these latter two methods have been estimated to be the least expensive on a per gallon basis of waste (J ). This Is of considerable Importance because the wastes are... 

Cresols may be disposed of by landfill, land applications, biological waste water treatment, or incineration. In an activated sludge system, cresols exhibit a 96% reduction of the chemical oxygen demand and a biodegradation rate of 55 mg of oxygen/g-hour. Cresols may be disposed of in a rotary kiln incinerator with a temperature range of 820-C-1600-C and a residence time of seconds. Cresols may also be disposed of in a fluidized bed incinerator with a temperature range of 450 C-980 C and a residence time of seconds (HSDB 1989). 

Much of the unintentional release will be into wastewater or waste stream and therefore wastewater treatment plants, waste incineration plants, and landfills will be important sources for ENM release into water and air. The removal of ENMs from wastewater has to date been only poorly studied [ 38], but it can be expected that at least part of the ENMs in wastewater will be discharged into freshwaters. Very little is known to date about the behavior of ENMs in waste incineration plants and leaching from landfills [39]. 

Waste water treatment. Supercritical CO2 has been put to use in a variety of industrial waste treatment applications. Clean Harbors Environmental Services, Inc., has used SCCO2 in Baltimore since 1989 to treat wastewater from chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturers. In the process the wastewater is pumped into the top of a 32-ft-high, 2-ft-diameter column, while the CO2 is pumped in from the bottom and percolates up. As the CO2 trowels up it dissolves the organics. CO2 contaminated with organics is at the top of the column, and clean water is at the bottom. The contaminants are incinerated off-site after separation from the CO2 which is recycled. 

Chlorinated aromatic compounds are hazardous compounds that result from various industrial and agricultural activities. Water disinfection, waste incineration, and uncontrolled use of biocides are the major sources of chlorinated aromatics in the environment. Chlorinated compounds are also formed as subproducts of the biochemical reactions of herbicides containing chlorophe-noxy compounds. Treatment of chlorinated compounds has been studied using biological treatment, adsorption, air stripping, and incineration. Biodegradation of chlorinated compounds is a slow process that is ineffective for extremely low concentrations. Air stripping and adsorption simply trans-... 

Environmental Toxicology Hazardous Waste Incineration Pollution, Air Pollution Control Pollution, Environmental Radioactive Waste Disposal Soil and Groundwater Pollution Transport and Fate of Chemicals in the Environment Waste-to-Energy Systems Waste-water Treatment and Water Reclamation Water Pollution... 

If separate incinerator facilities for hazardous and nonhazardous waste are available, segregation of hazardous waste can be both cost-effective and environmentally more acceptable. Compared with incinerators for municipal waste, incinerators for hazardous waste require a more expensive design, more careful operation, higher costs for obtaining permits, and regulated treatment of ash and scrubber water. Consequently, incineration of nonhazardous waste in hazardous waste facilities is costly. 

FGD Waste water treatment Incineration Hazardous waste Nuclear fuel reprocessing ... 

Utilities-steam, water, power, refrigeration, compressed air, fuel, waste disposal Facilities-boiler plant incinerator, wells, river intake, water treatment, cooling towers, water storage, electric substation, refrigeration plant, air plant, fuel storage, waste disposal plant, environmental controls, fire protection... 

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