Incinerator systems

SW-846, is used to measure emissions of semivolatile principal organic constituents. Method 0010 is designed to determine destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of POHCs from incineration systems. The method involves a modification of the EPA Method 5 sampling train and may be used to determine particulate emission rates from stationary sources. The method is applied to semivolatile compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans, polycyclic organic matter, and other semivolatile organic compounds. 

Brunner, C. R., "Handbook of Incineration Systems." McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991,... 

Figure 35. Process (low diagram of infrared incineration system.

Brunner, Calvin. Design of Sewage Sludge Incineration Systems. Noyes Data Corporation 1980. 

Volumetric Flow Rate The equipment size is normally dictated by its capacity and is therefore directly related to investment costs. Incineration systems are capable of handling large amounts of waste gases and are often the most cost-effective method when handling large flows. Adsorption systems can handle large volumes of gases, provided that the gas stream is fairly dilute. Absorption will... 

Many compounds can cause problems in pollutant-control equipment. Particulate matter, liquids, or solids in the waste stream can plug the adsorber beds, heat-recovery beds in regenerative thermal incinerator systems and biofilters. Conventional filtration systems are used to remove particulate matter before or after the process. 

The catalysts used in incinerator systems for gaseous organic compound control are usually precious or base metals or metal salts. The catalysts can be supported on inert materials such as alumina (AI2O3) or ceramics. For the destruction of organic compound mixtures, a highly active but nonselective catalyst is required. ... 

Incineration, as well as returnables and recovered scrap, is an alternative to recycling. Because of the new polymeric barriers this technique can be used where the municipal incineration system incorporates energy recovery. This arrangement depends, however, on the availability of properly designed incinerators with scrubbers and energy recovery. 

Rather than focus on specific incineration technologies, one must address the fundamental physical and chemical processes common to many of the possible incineration systems through studies of (1) reaction kinetics of selected waste materials and (2) behavior of waste solutions, slurries, and solids in the incineration environment. 

Some considerations relevant to public health concerns about modern and effective incineration systems have been described. However, local health officials and citizens of communities with hazardous waste incinerators have expressed to ATSDR their concern that they may not be able to judge a good operation, or that, once the initial trial burns and inspections are completed, the system may not be operated in the same manner as during the testing phase. Citizens have also expressed concern that burning rates will be exceeded or monitoring systems will be overridden. 

Brunner, C.R., Incineration Systems, Selection and Design, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, 1984, pp. 315-356. 

Question 5 ("Is combustion with air the only chemistry intended at your facility ") can be answered YES in this case, assuming the "facility" being addressed is limited to the incinerator system. Due to the great number of combustion systems in operation, many other resources are available for ensuring safe design and operation of the combustion part of the incinerator facility. However, it should be noted that many combustors now have effluent treatment systems, such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, that involve intentional chemistry beyond the combustion reaction. 

In 1996 Congress enacted two laws, Public Law 104-201 (authorization) and Public Law 104-208 (appropriation), mandating that the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) assess technology alternatives to the baseline incineration system developed by the Army for the demilitarization of assembled chemical weapons and that it conduct demonstration tests for at least two of them. The laws included the following stipulations ... 

Unpacking of the munitions is performed in the unpack area (UPA), which is the same as that in the Army s baseline incineration system design (NRC, 1999). 

Area 100 uses munitions accessing devices from the Army s baseline incineration system disassembly operations wherever possible. The rocket disassembly operation is similar to the baseline system for dismantling the M55 rockets and separating the components. The projectile disassembly line is also very similar to that of the baseline system. However, a projectile washout system (PWS) has been added. 

The independent control for Area 100 is based on the reverse assembly machines of the baseline incineration system, which use an Allen Bradley PLC platform with direct operator control of the munitions loading, with solids output to Area 400 and liquid output to Area 200. Eco Logic plans to use equivalent Siemens PLCs. 

Bninner C.R., Handbook of Incineration Systems, MacGraw-Hill Inc, USA, (1991). 

In 1981 the Los Alamos National Laboratory investigated for EPA the thermal destruction of wooden boxes treated with penta-chlorophenol (PCP). The incineration system consisted of a dual-chamber, controlled-air incinerator, a spray quench column, a venturi scrubber, and a packed-column acid gas absorber (11). Destruction efficiencies for PCP exceeded 99.99% for combustion chamber temperatures above 980°C, 20% excess air, and a retention time greater than 2.5 s. For these conditions, TCDD and... 

Incineration of mycelium and excess biological sludge. Incineration system may also receive pathogenic wastes, unrecoverable solvents, fermentation broths or syrups, semi-solid and solid wastes, and so on. The system can be further integrated with the burning of odorous air streams. 

Figure 14 Incineration system flow diagram. Waste is incinerated in the presence of air and supplemental fuel the incinerator can be multiple hearth, fluidized bed, liquid injection, rotary kiln, or other types caustic or lime scrubbers are used to remove gaseous pollutants from exhaust gases (from Ref. 11).

JACADS, the first fully integrated baseline incineration system for the disposal of stockpiled chemical agent and munitions, is located on Johnston Island, part of the Johnston Atoll, approximately 800 miles southwest of Hawaii. The facility occupies 130 acres of the 625-acre island and includes one large process building, with three furnaces and auxiliary equipment. 

Finding 5. Stockpile disposal facilities that do not use components of the baseline incineration system, or modified versions of it, lack a means to achieve thermal decontamination of secondary wastes during closure operations. 

---