Leachate incineration products

DPE suits, and butyl rubber (NRC, 2001b). The levels were 0.0002 to 0.0008 ng/m3, three orders of magnitude below the EPA criterion of 0.2 ng/m3 for dioxin emissions from incinerators. In the test with neat GB, the product gas contained 0.01 to 0.06 percent phosphine. As noted previously in the section on methods development testing, phosphine can interfere with the measurement of GB. Based on results from the EPA s toxicity characteristic leachate procedure, stabilization would be necessary only for solid wastes derived from DPE suit material, because the cadmium and lead criteria were not met by the treated dunnage in some tests (NRC, 2001b). 

In Switzerland, where direct landfill of MSW is prohibited, all MSW has to be burned in incinerators and the bottom ash has to be stored in special controlled landfill sites (so called reactor deposits ). Re-use of today s BA is no longer practised because such BA is a heterogeneous random product (Lichtensteiger 1996) and elevated heavy metal concentrations in future leachates cannot be excluded (e.g., Staubli 1992). 

Studies of Baccini and colleagues have shown, that under long-term considerations even products like incineration bottom ash slag are not really inert. After the release of chloride and sulphate, two phases can be distinguished (Fig. 10.7) part of the calcium content, which was formerly present as hydroxide, is now carbona-tized. Iron and aluminium are transformed to oxides. On the long run, the carbonate buffer in the slag will be emptied. This will be correlated by relative low pH-values. Compared to the former conditions, elevated trace metals concentrations in the leachate can be expected. 

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