Municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash

PlANTONE, P., BODENAN, F., DERIE, R. Depelsenaire, G. 2003. Monitoring the stabilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by phosphatation mineralogical and balance approach. Waste Management, 23, 225-243. 

Tan, L.C., Choa, V and Tay, J.H. (1997) The influence of pH on mobility of heavy metals from municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash. Environ. Monit. Assess., 44, 275-284. 

Hydraulic activity of municipal solid waste incinerator fly-ash-slag-blended eco-cement has been investigated using X-ray diffraction and Si MAS NMR. ... 

Wild SR, Mitchell DJ. Yelland CM. et al. 1992. Wasted municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash as a source of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to the environment. Waste Manag Res 10(1 ) 99-111. 

Pedersen AJ, Ottosen LM, Villumsen A. (2005). Electrodialytic removal of heavy metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash using ammonium citrate as assisting agent. Journal of Hazardous Materials 122(1-2) 103-109. 

Yuyan Hu, Pengfei Zhang, Dezhen Chen, et al. Hydrothermal treatment of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash for dioxin decomposition. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 207-208 79-85, 2012. 

Metals in the feedstock end up in slag and fines. The slag meets the quality standards of the Dutch Building decree, and the fines have a comparable quality to municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly-ash (a.4). 

Fines. These have a quality that would match the quality of fly ash from Dutch municipal solid waste incineration plants. 

Fig. 3 Percent homolog composition of tri- to octaCNs in source-related samples from the Great Lakes region for Halowaxes, Aroclors, and industrial fly ashes from a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI), a medical waste incinerator (Med Waste), a cement kiln, and an iron sintering plant [126,137,139]...

Shin, K.-J., Chang, Y.-S., 1999. Characterization of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, di-benzofurans, biphenyls, and heavy metals in fly ash produced from Korean municipal solid waste incinerators. Chemosphere 38, 2655-2666. 

Sun, Y., M. Takaoka, N. Takeda, T. Matsumoto, and K. Oshita. 2006. Application of microwave-assisted extraction to the analysis of PCBs and CBzs in fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators. J. Hazard. Mater. A 137 106-112. 

Trace toxic metals may escape from the municipal incineration process. Various agents, such as 0.25 M Na-citrate, have been used to aid the removal of heavy metals during electrodialytic treatment of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly-ash (Pedersen 2002). One study found that the bottom ash in a municipal incineration system had 1000-fold higher levels of chromium(VI) in test leachates than the hopper cyclone and filter ashes (Abbas et al. 2001), but another study found the chromium in fly-ash to be mostly trivalent chromium (Coodarzi and Huggins 2001). 

The aim of this work was to sturfy the influence of water on metal extraction from the fly ash, for SFE at a scale of 2 kg solids. The final aim is to provide design parameters for a larger scale SFE unit. We concentrate on the main metals of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash (Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Mn, Figure 1). Since die ZnO content of the studied ash was high, Zn was chosen as model compound. Three types of eiqieriments were performed ... 

Incineration is often regarded as a very efficient technique for municipal solid waste (MSW) management. However, the environmental impacts of MSW incineration need to be carefully taken into account. The most relevant problem with MSW incineration is flue gas treatment. However, another often overlooked issue is the disposal of solid byproducts of the incineration process. MSW incinerators essentially produce two types of solid by-products, that is, slag, or bottom ash, and fly ash, often mixed with various other chemicals used for flue gas treatment. Bottom ash and—even more—fly ash are regarded as dangerous wastes mainly due to their potentially toxic elements (PTE) content and their tendency to leach such PTE to the environment. 

Pepe F. discusses incineration and the most relevant problems as a very efficient technique for municipal solid waste (MSW) management. The author also discusses the different approaches proposed to mitigate the impact of fly ash disposal. 

In addition to the utility plant fly ash, one may also use volcanic fly ash, ash produced from burning municipal solid waste or any other combustion product that contains ash. The role of ash is also important in management of hazardous and radioactive waste because often such waste, if combustible, is incinerated to reduce its volume. The incinerated ash now is richer in inorganic hazardous components and needs to be stabilized. CBPC processes are ideal for stabilizing such ash because, phosphates are ideal materials to stabilize hazardous and radioactive contaminants, but as mentioned before, ash improves the physical and mechanical properties of the end products. Stabilization of such ashes is discussed in Chapters 16 and 17. 

After PCDEs were detected in a fly ash from a municipal waste incinerator in Finland [36], the occurrence of PCDEs in combustion wastes has not been studied much. PCDEs could be formed during incomplete combustion by condensation from chlorophenols as has been indicated for PCDDs [54], but de novo synthesis is also possible [55]. The formation of chlorinated compounds is always possible during combustion in the presence of organic material and chloride. The formation of PCDEs de novo in combustion has been described in the literature review of Kurz s thesis [4]. Briefly, diphenyl can be formed from the phenoxy radical and benzene which in turn can be formed from alkene radicals. If the formed molecule does not already contain chlorine, chlorination of diphenyl ether can occur, e.g., in the presence of HCl. It has been suggested, however, that PCDEs, in contrast to PCDDs and PCDFs, are not formed to a great extent de novo on solid surfaces or in the gas phase in thermal processes during metal reclamation processes [56]. When PCDEs were analyzed in emission samples of a metal reclamation plant in Finland, all PCDEs were below 4 ng nr3. 

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