Incinerator wastes landfill leachates

In South Korea, no environmental quality criteria (EQCs) have been proposed to protect human health and wildlife from dioxin-like compounds. Thus, we compared concentrations of TEQ measured in individual media with EQCs or benchmarks for PCDDs/DFs proposed by other governments worldwide (Fig. 2.11). Japan proposes EQCs for ambient air and water of 0.6 pg WHO-TEQ m-3 for air, 1 pg WHO-TEQ L 1 for public water and 10 pg WHO-TEQ L 1 for wastewater (JMOE, 2002). Since 1999, concentrations of TEQ measured in air from within 1 km of waste incinerators and/or industrial area and sites in industrial cities, have exceeded the EQCs established by Japan (0.6 pg WHO-TEQ m-3) 22% and 29%, respectively. Alternatively, only 7% of air samples from urban and background sites exceeded the EQCs (Fig. 2.11a). This indicates that air quality is poorer in South Korea than in Japan where only 1.1% of 920 air samples collected in Japan during 2000 exceeded EQC (Shibata, 2002). The EQC values are applied differently, depending on the objective. Generally, landfill leachates exceeded the EQC (10 pg WHO-TEQ L 1) more frequently (30%) than the wastewaters discharged... 

Waste disposal and mining activities are characteristic point sources for environmental pollutants in air, vater, and soil (Table 9.3). Waste incineration typically releases more volatile metals such as mercury, cadmium and lead into the atmosphere emission control, therefore, is not only crucial for smelting activities, but also the decisive prerequisite for all technologies involving higher temperature and vaste materials. Landfill leachates are enriched... 

Other disposal options for the sewage sludge are landfill, dumping at sea (forbidden in the EU since 1998) [30], and incineration. The most popular for solid waste disposal is landfill. However, many of the disposal sites are open dumps without protective barriers or leachate-collection systems, which represent a potential risk to the quality of the nearby groundwater. 

Double Liners and Leachate Collection Systems for Hazardous Waste Disposal Units Subparts M, N, and O Land Treatment, Landfills, and Incinerators... 

Johnson, C. A., Kaeppeh, M., Brandenberger, S., Ulrich, A. Baumann, W. 1999. Hydrological and geochemical factors affecting leachate composition in municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash. Part II. The geochemistry of leachate from Landfill Lostorf, Switzerland. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 40, 239- 259. 

Disposal in an approved, industrial landfill may be appropriate. Because this resin is inert and does not readily degrade, it will not contribute to instability of the landfill or evolve gases or leachates known to pollute water resources. DO NOT DUMP INTO ANY SEWERS, ON THE GROUND, OR INTO ANY BODY OF WATER. For unused or uncontaminated material, the preferred disposal waste management options are to send to a licensed recycler, reclaimer, or incinerator. The same waste management options are recommended for used or contaminated material, although additional evaluation is required. 

In a number of cases, the treatment of improperly disposed hazardous wastes may be required. An expensive option is to dig up the wastes and treat them or place them in modern, properly designed landfills. Soil contaminated by waste leachate may require treatment such as digging it up, washing with water, and putting it back into place. In some cases, contaminated soil has even been incinerated. 

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