Waste Incineration Directive

Waste Incineration Directive (2000/76/EC) Introduced new controls over waste incinerators and set new objectives for the reduction of emissions of dioxins, cadmium, mercury and lead. 

Depending on the type of waste generated by the process. The Waste Incineration Directive sets requirements for incineration and monitoring, which could be difficult to meet in existing installation. 

Generally applicable. The Waste Incineration Directive sets requirements for incineration and monitoring. 

Generally applicable. Limits are given by the Waste Incineration Directive. 

EEC Directive on existing municipal waste incineration plants... 

The specific molecular mechanisms by which PCDDs and PCDFs are initially formed and become part of the PIC remain largely unknown and are theoretical. The theoretical basis for conjecture is derived primarily from direct observations in municipal solid waste incinerators. The emissions of... 

Another critical part of the incinerator design is the pollution control system.11 Pollution control systems directly influence the levels and kinds of pollutants that are released and that can potentially reach the public. Most modern hazardous waste incinerators are designed with extensive air pollution removal systems. For example, a common pollution control system might include a system that cools or quenches gases produced by burning waste, followed by a system that reduces acid gas emissions, and ultimately followed by a particulate removal system such as fabric filters (bag-houses), electrostatic precipitators, venturi scrubbers, and others.10... 

In the earlier mentioned MFA studies, no direct emission of DEHP from waste incineration or landfill to air or surface water is reported. For incineration it is assumed that DEHP is decomposed into C02 and H20. For landfill it is assumed that DEHP is degraded into C02 and CH4 [26] or enters the waste water, which subsequently is treated in the WWTP [27]. 

Hazardous waste directives (EU), 23 121 Hazardous waste incineration, 13 172-186 21 856... 

Significant activity is occurring in assessing hazardous waste incineration in both the private and public sectors. Much of the information gained from this effort will be directly applicable to our knowledge of the incineration of pesticides and pesticide-containing wastes. 

ENM release into the environment can result directly from the product or indirectly via discharge from treatment such as in a waste incineration plant. Some products/ applications have both direct and indirect ENM emissions. An example is sunscreen that can be washed off when taking a shower or in a swimming pool (indirect release via wastewater treatment plant), or directly when swimming in a lake. 

Off-site waste disposal methods involve the transfer of solvent wastes to an alternative location before their treatment, reuse, or release into the environment. One such method commonly used both on- and offsite is incineration. Solvent wastes are often incinerated, especially when they contain toxic substances and pose long-term EHS risks if directly released. The process of waste incineration releases a large amount of CO2 into the environment, but often the heat generated from this process may be recovered for use within a plant. When contaminated... 

The major sources of PCBs, globally, are found in northern latitudes. Breivik et al. [144,145] published a complete assessment of global historical usage of PCBs and, using a mass balance approach, predicted emissions of PCBs to the air as a function of their use and climate factors (primarily temperature). They identified major sources of PCBs as directly contaminated soils, fires, open use, use in capacitors, use in closed systems, disposal to landfills, waste incineration, and PCB destruction. They found that use... 

Incinerators that accept only liquid wastes either blend them with fuels or incinerate directly. In either case, the disposer generally pumps the contents from the container. Small containers are less desirable than the standard 200-liter drum. Incinerators that accept solid waste generally incinerate without removing the waste from the container, avoiding the hazards of opening containers. Some facilities will accept a variety of containers, including individual bottles. Others prefer to accept wastes in fiber packs, which is a combustible version of the lab pack used in landfills. 

The incineration of waste containing PVC has been a source of much discussion and comment, particularly related to the dioxin and HC1 emissions (66,106, 282, 341). PVC was also targeted in the EU incineration directive (297). 

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