Incinerator wastes materials

Incinerate waste material for process, water, or comfort heating. 

Incineration. Incinerators were discussed in Sec. 11.1. When incinerators are used to treat gaseous pollutants in relatively low concentration, auxiliary firing from fuel or other waste material normally will be necessary. The capital and operating costs may be high. In addition, long duct lines are often necessary. 

Due to environmental considerations, many phenol plants are equipped with a special water treatment faciUty where acetone and phenol are recovered from the wastewater stream. Also, recovered heavy residue is considered a K-022 waste material by the U.S. EPA and must be properly disposed of by incineration or other means (12). 

Contract disposal agencies offer their services to reheve the chemical industry of unwanted materials however, the cost of such disposal (primarily incineration) is high. The manufacturer should ascertain that the disposal agency employees are adequately aware of chemical ha2ards and can responsibly handle and dispose of the waste materials (see Wastes, industrial). 

The treatment of waste is the third element of the hierarchy and should be utilized only in the absence of feasible source reduction or recychng opportunities. Waste treatment involves the use of chemical, biological, or physical processes to reduce or eliminate waste material. The incineration of wastes is included in this categoiy and is considered preferable to other treatment methods (i.e., chemical, biological, and physical) because incineration can permanently destroy the hazardous components in waste materials (Ref. 4). It can also be employed to reduce the volume of waste to be treated. 

Any waste material (and contaminated cloths, tissues, clothing etc.) must be rendered safe by chemical means or by controlled incineration of dilute solution where practical prior to disposal. 

Once the decision is made to incinerate the material, the type of incinerator which is selected is largely dependent on the matrix in which the waste is located. Table 10 indicates the application of various thermal processes for liquids, solids/sludges, soil and gases. 

Auxiliary fuel firing Combustion of an auxiliary fuel to provide additional heat to an incinerator in order to either dry or Ignite the waste material and to maintain ignition, to ensure complete combustion of solids, liquids, and gases in the incinerator. 

Combustion is the entire process by which something is oxidized. It is part of the use of gasoline or diesel fuel in automobiles and trucks, as well as part of propulsion in aircraft either in jet engines or propeller engines. This latter association is so often made that the propulsive devices in aircraft are called combustors. Similarly, furnaces and boilers, that often involve flames for the production of heat, are combustion devices involving many of the elements of the complete process. Incinerators, too, are commonly associated with combustion of fuel in the form of waste materials. Other common manifestations of coiiibustioii are house, forest, and chemical fires ... 

There is an important feedback factor which cannot be properly evaluated at this time. It concerns future municipal investment in a specific waste control system. This could result in legislation controlling the input of important potential waste materials to the municipality. For example large capital investment in a heat/energy recovery system based on incineration might induce legislative restrictions on low calorific materials like metals and glass. 

Schofield, W.R. Lutzman, John Patterson, Gene W. Use of Chemical Additives to Reduce The Impact of Slag Formation in Hazardous Waste Incineration. Hazardous Materials Control Journal, USA, 1992. 

Rather than focus on specific incineration technologies, one must address the fundamental physical and chemical processes common to many of the possible incineration systems through studies of (1) reaction kinetics of selected waste materials and (2) behavior of waste solutions, slurries, and solids in the incineration environment. 

Processing Costs of Waste Materials in a Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator, Report TNO-MEP R96/248, TNO-MEP, Apeldoom, the Netherlands, 1996. 

An Ecoprofile is an assessment of the environmental and resource impacts of a waste disposal process. This paper describes ecoprofiles for six different ways of disposing the plastic fraction in municipal solid waste -two material recycling processes that include separation of the plastic waste, material recycling without separation of the plastic waste, pyrolysis, incineration with heat recovery, and landfill. 17 refs. 

Figure 16-7 A two-chamber incinerator. The raw waste is charged to the lower incinerator- Here it is burned with a limited air supply in order to develop a high temperature which will gasify most of the solid waste material. Between the chambers the gases pass a restriction (throat) where air is injected. They then enter the second chamber and the flame of the main burner.

The materials normally used as fuels to produce heat energy are plastics, leather, paper, paint, sludge, and emulsions. The materials commonly used as substitute inputs are the ashes from waste incineration [waste-to-energy (WTE)], as well as... 

There is a need for further studies of the calorific power, ash content, and level of chlorides in waste materials for coprocessing in the cement industry or for incineration to generate energy (WTE), considering the variability of the wastes produced at different times of the year and by different populations, as shown by the test results. 

However, various countries use different definitions of chemical waste and there are often several inconsistencies in the definitions. Usually, the definiUon involves qualification of whether or not the material is hazardous. For example, in some counties, a hazardous waste is any material that is especially hazardous to human health, air, or water, or which is explosive, flammable, or may cause disease. Poisonous waste is material that is poisonous, noxious, or polluting and whose presence on the land is liable to give rise to an environmental hazard. But in more general terms (in any country), hazardous waste is waste material that is unsuitable for treatment or disposal in municipal treatment systems, incinerators, or landfills and which therefore requires special treatment. 

RjSnX RjSnX, RjSnXj, RSnXj RjSnXj, RSnXj Agricultural spraying, volatilization from biocidal treatments, antifouling paint sprays Incineration of organotin-treated or -stabilized waste materials. Glass coating operations to produce SnOj films... 

Incinerator waste as secondary raw material examples of applications in glasses, glass-ceramics and ceramics... 

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