Waste incineration facility

One incinerator that has been evaluated rather extensively and for which test results have been reported is the liquid chemical waste incinerator facility owned by the Metropolitan Sewer District (MSD) of Greater Cincinnati, Ohio (1 ). The MSD facility uses a rotary kiln and liquid injection cyclone furnace to incinerate a wide variety of liquid industrial chemical wastes. The total design heat release rate is 120 million kJ/h (114 million Btu/h). Tests conducted over a wide temperature range ( 900°C to 1300°C) for six Appendix VIII chemicals (carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene, and hexachloroethane) have shown DREs equal to or very near 99.99%. 

Keitz, E. Boberschmidt, L. "A Profile of Existing Hazardous Waste Incineration Facilities," The MITRE Corp., November 1982. 

Furthermore, from around 1996 onward Japanese public became increasingly concerned about environmental contamination caused by releases from waste incinerator facilities. In 1997 dioxins were designated as hazardous air pollutants and measures were introduced to control their emission into the atmosphere in terms of the preventive actions taken to reduce risks of health hazards under the Air Pollution Control Law (Law No. 97 of 1968). Furthermore, in July 1999, the law concerning special... 

Hagenmaier H, Kraft M, Brunner H, et al. 1987. Catalytic effects of fly ash from waste incineration facilities on the formation and decomposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans. Environ Sci Technol 21 1080-1084. 

Catalytic Destruction. It has been reported that catalysts employed for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx emissions also demonstrate the ability to decompose organohalogen compounds, including PCDD/Fs.39 Successful pilot trials at MSW and hazardous waste incineration facilities indicated that PCDD/F emission concentrations of <0.1 ng I-TEQ m 3 could be achieved in the absence of ammonia when titanium dioxide-based SCR catalysts were maintained between 200-350°C. 

Surrogate trial burns demonstrate that incinerators at chemical agent disposal facilities can operate safely. The requirement to perform surrogate trial burns at these facilities is consistent with the initial start-up procedures followed at commercial hazardous waste incineration facilities. 

Clean Harbors Aragonite hazardous waste incineration facility (Aragonite, Utah) and at the Chemical Waste Management of the Northwest, Inc., landfill (Arlington, Oregon). Additional details on the committee s meetings and activities are included in Appendix B. 

Objectives Gather data and discuss secondary waste issues specific to Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility (TOCDF). Tour portions of TOCDF and alocal Utah hazardous waste incineration facility to familiarize committee with processes and practices. Discuss secondary waste regulatory issues with Utah environmental regulatory officials and representatives of Utah s Citizens Advisory Commission (CAC). Review initial findings, discuss report development, make writing assignments, and decide on future activities. 

Concentration of WTE Incinerators The total number of municipal waste incinerator facilities as listed in the Solid Waste Digest, vol. 14, no. 6, June 2004 (a publication of Chartwell Information, EBI, Inc., of San Diego, Calif.), is 72. This is an increase of 10 facilities since September 1994 (a 10-year period). See Table 22-70. The wastes burned in these facilities total 8.96 percent of total municipal wastes managed in landfills, incinerators, and transfer stations. This amounts to 98,719 tons/day of combusted municipal waste. This also is an increase of 10,248 tons over the 88,471 tons in September 1994, an average of 1000 tons/yr. 

Nonhazardous waste dust may be generated from two sources, the facility dust collection system or from spills in the storage or production areas. Dust that is not used to produce a wide specification colorant product is usually encapsulated with virgin and/or purge resin and sent to a qualified solid waste landfill for final disposal. The average annual waste dust landfilled per facility is approximately 4.5 tons. However, the facility generating the highest annual quantity of dust (20.6 tons) ships this material to an industrial waste incineration facility. 

E. Hums, M. Joisten, R. Muller, R. Sigling, H. Spielmann, Innovative lines of SCR catalysis NOx reduction for stationary diesel engine exhaust gas and dioxin abatement for waste incineration facilities, Catal. Today, 27 29 (19%). 

Safety Series No. 108 Design and Operation of Radioactive Waste Incineration Facilities (1992). 

Many considerations are necessary when deciding if heat recovery equipment should be included in an incineration facility. Unless a practical use for the recovered heat exists, it is usually not advisable to include heat recovery equipment at a facility since the equipment is expensive. If an incineration facility operates at a large capacity, the generation of power from heat recovery equipment is generally economical. Municipal solid waste incineration facilities are widely used to produce steam for electric power generation. 

The facility operates at over 9 tons per day. While this is not large compared to municipal solid waste incineration facilities, if the facility expands in the future, heat recovery may be a viable option. But heat recovery is only economically advantageous if customers exist to purchase the recovered heat (normally steam) or if there is an onsite need for the recovered heat. 

A sketch of a modern waste-incineration facility is shown in Fig. 5. Such a facility includes the following ... 

Fig. 5 A schematic of a typical waste incineration facility. Although incinerators have similar components indicated in the figure, combustion chamber designs vary significantly from application to application. (From Ref...

WIF Waste Incineration Facility TVA Technical Rules-Waste (Anonymous 1990). 

Treatment of Wastewater from Waste Incineration Facilities (WIF)... 

Tab. 9.7 Metal concentrations in municipal Waste Incineration Facilities (WIF) wastewater (Reimann 1987 specific wastewater quantity 0.35-0.40 m t" waste sedimentation time 2 h)...

RCRA, Compounds that RCRA permit writers should consider requiring the RCRA waste incineration facilities to sample and analyze for conducting exposure assessments (EPA -94/4) RIO... 

AR93 Design and operation of radioactive waste incineration facilities, Safety guide, No. 108, 12 October 1992. 

Roeck, D. R., and Sigg, A. (1995). Evaluation of carbon injection for controlling PCDD/PCDF emissions at WTl s commercial hazardous waste incineration facility, Presented at the 14th International Incineration Conference, Bellevue, WA. 

A similar debate is raging over the siting of hazardous waste incineration facilities, though this time it seems that the engineers are more sensitive to the public s perception of the risk to their health and safety. All industries must confront this issue, from chemical plants to mass transit, aerospace, and mannfactnring plants. 

The radioactive waste incineration facilities shall be constructed and operated in compliance with the authorization for plant discharges to the environment as determined by the competent authority, and also to minimize industrial hazards. 

A well defined safety evaluation procedure should be an integral aspect of the design of a radioactive waste incineration facility. 

The waste acceptance capability of the radioactive waste incineration facility shall enable the facility to process the waste volumes generated during normal operation and the anticipated operational occurrences of the nuclear power plant or facility. 

The reliability of components, ease of operation, system maintenance and future decommissioning should be considered in the design and specification of radioactive waste incineration facilities. 

The design of the waste handling subsystem should contain provisions to prevent or minimize any release of airborne ash within the waste incineration facility. The ventilation system should be designed to remove or mitigate the results of abnormal conditions resulting from an ash spill or exhaust leak. The ash drum filling... 

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