Incinerated residues

Misleading also is the idea that vinyl should be harmed from incinerators because it contains heavy-metal additives. This is an evolving issue. Most vinyl products do not contain heavy metals and vinyl is a small fraction in feed to incinerators. Reformulation to replace heavy metals is in progress but some use is likely to continue. Banning vinyl from incinerators does not eliminate this problem. Rather, regulations should specify that incinerator residues (ash) be disposed of appropriately. 

Disposal The final func tional element in the sohd-waste-management system is disposal. Disposal is the ultimate fate of all solid wastes, whether they are wastes collected and transported direc tly to a landfQl site, semisolid wastes (sludge) from industrial treatment plants and air-pollution-control devices, incinerator residue, compost, or other substances from various solid-waste processing plants that are of no further use. 

Incineration residue, landfill Chromium VI [water] Freshwater ecotoxicity 2 2 2 2... 

Evolution of hydrogen, attributed to presence of aluminium particles, formed an explosive atmosphere over wetted incinerator residues. 

Disposal of solid wastes is a significant problem for the petrochemical industry. Waste solids include water treatment sludge, ashes, fly ash and incinerator residue, plastics, ferrous and nonferrous metals, catalysts, organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, filter cakes, and viscous solids. 

Inorganic contaminants cannot be destroyed by incineration. Residual ash with elevated levels of heavy metals must be stabilized prior to disposal. 

FROM EQN. Oil-burning Transportation Soil Resuspension Incineration Residual NO. V PB MN(C) CU ... 

Ferrari, S., Belevi, H. Baccini, P. 2002. Chemical speciation of carbon in municipal solid waste incinerator residues. Waste Management, 22, 303-314. 

Traber, D., Mader, U. Eggenberger, U. 2002. Petrology and geochemistry of a municipal solid waste incinerator residue treated at high temperature. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 82, 1-14. 

Chandler, A. G., Eighmy, T. T. et al. 1997. Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Residues. Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam. 

Ecke, H., Sakanakura, H., Matsuto, T., Tanaka, N. Lagerkvist, A. 2000. State-of-the-art treatment processes for municipal solid waste incineration residues in Japan. Waste Management Research, 18, 41-51. 

Sabbas, T., Polettine, A. et al. 2003. Management of municipal solid waste incineration residues. Waste Management, 23, 61-88. 

Phosphate washing has been in use for many years. Over a decade ago, Wheelabrator Technologies [8,9] patented a process to treat waste incineration residue ashes from... 

Tertiary treatment processes are used only to eliminate materials which are not amenable to secondary treatment. A treatment method for wool scouring effluent has been developed, consisting of evaporation and incineration plant in combination with a biological plant [56]. The resulting condensates from the evaporation plant and the incineration residues are recycled so that the water, ammonia and scouring aids are returned to the production plant [57]. 

Wolbach CD, Van Bume D, Castaldini C. 1987. Characterization of hazardous waste incineration residuals. Nucl Chem Waste Manage 7 43-52. 

Tab. 9.12 Estimation of long-term evolution of leachates from municipal solid waste incineration residues. (From Anonymous 1992.)...

Fig. 9.5 Concentrations of Cu, Ni and Zn related on pH in the leachate of municipal solid waste incineration residues (Hirschmann and Forstner 1998)...

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