Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration

WASTOXHAS has been applied to bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) and matured slags from the second smelting of lead (Ferrari and Ferard, 1999 Ferrari, 2000), ... 

Clozel-Leloup, B., Boddnan, F. and Piantone, P. (1999) Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration Mineralogy and distribution of metals, in J. Mehu et al. (Eds.), Waste Stabilization and Environment 99, Villeurbanne, France, 13-16 April 1999, Proceedings of conference presentation, Societe alpine de publications, Grenoble, France, pp. 45-51. 

Traina G, Morselli L, Adorno GP. (2007). Electrokinetic remediation of bottom ash from municipal solid waste incinerator. Electrochimica Acta 52(10) 3380-3385. 

Meima, J. A. Comans, R. N. J. 1999. The leaching of trace elements from municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash at different stages of weathering. Applied Geochemistry, 14, 159-171. 

Johnson, C. A., Kaeppeh, M., Brandenberger, S., Ulrich, A. Baumann, W. 1999. Hydrological and geochemical factors affecting leachate composition in municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash. Part II. The geochemistry of leachate from Landfill Lostorf, Switzerland. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 40, 239- 259. 

The WASTOXHAS procedure was applied in a case study involving two kinds of solid waste, a municipal solid waste incinerator Bottom Ash (BA) and a slag from a second Smelting of Lead (2SL). This case study describes the ecotoxicological portion of a multidisciplinary French national research program on the Waste... 

Table 5. Prerequisite study - Ecotoxicity data of leachates of a municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (BA) and a slag from a second smelting of lead (2SL) obtained after following the draft standardEN12457 (2002) using liquid-to-solid ratios (L/S) of 2 and 10.

Hieschmann G and Foestnee U (1998) Long term metal release from deposits of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash. In Contaminated Soil 98, pp. 851-853. Thomas Telford, London. 

Trace toxic metals may escape from the municipal incineration process. Various agents, such as 0.25 M Na-citrate, have been used to aid the removal of heavy metals during electrodialytic treatment of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly-ash (Pedersen 2002). One study found that the bottom ash in a municipal incineration system had 1000-fold higher levels of chromium(VI) in test leachates than the hopper cyclone and filter ashes (Abbas et al. 2001), but another study found the chromium in fly-ash to be mostly trivalent chromium (Coodarzi and Huggins 2001). 

Incineration ashes are used as fill material for roads and in construction.Municipal solid waste, mixed biofuel, and heating plant ashes were analyzed by Sohxlet extraction in toluene, deactivated silica gel cleanup, and GC-MS to show SPAHis levels of 140 to 77,000 /rg kg. The highest levels measured were for ashes from biofuels incineration with NAP and PHN as the predominant PAHs. Since volatile PAHs are lost in the Soxhlet sample preparation process, actual levels of NAP and PHN may have been underestimated. B[a]P ranged from 1 to 1327 /rg kg. Bottom ashes contained more of the less volatile PAHs as expected. Results for the mixed biofuel ash were in excess of the Swedish EPA soil limits for less sensitive land use of 7 /rgkg of carcinogens and 40 /rg kg for noncarcinogenic PAHs. 

Incineration of 1 tonne of municipal solid waste provides approx. 250 to 350 kg of bottom ash and slag, 20 to 40 kg of precipitator dust, and - depending from the purification procedure - 8 to 45 kg of reaction products, among others gypsum and related components. Bottom ash and slag until now is not treated to the same extent as precipitator dusts, however, there is a tendency to introduce directives for handling these materials as well, at least in respect for their reutilization in road construction etc. 

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