Incinerator wastes, modular

Optimized modern dry scrubbing systems for incinerator gas cleaning are much more effective (and expensive) than their counterparts used so far for utility boiler flue gas cleaning. Brinckman and Maresca [ASME Med. Waste Symp. (1992)] describe the use of dry hydrated lime or sodium bicarbonate injection followed by membrane filtration as preferred treatment technology for control of acid gas and particulate matter emissions from modular medical waste incinerators, which have especially high dioxin emissions. 

HTTS is a completely modular, transportable incineration system. A rotary kUn heats contaminants and vaporizes hazardous organic components. The gaseous waste is then subjected to intense heat in the secondary combustion chamber. Gases are then cleaned by a wet quench and scrubber before being discharged. The ash produced by the kiln is nonhazardous and can be back-filled on site. 

The two leading methods of generating energy from the incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) are the mass-bum system and the refuse derived fuel (RDF) system. The mass-burn system incinerates unprocessed MSW to recover energy and the RDF system processes unprocessed MSW into a usable fuel prior to incineration. Both methods use either starved-air modular, stoker grates, rotary kiln, or fluidized-bed units for incineration. While the mass-burn system is currently more widely utilized, both systems may be used for large waste capacities. 

A hospital in the state of Pennsylvania is currently incinerating its waste in a modular incinerator at a temperature of 1800°F and a residence time of 2 s. Regulations for particulate emissions for hospital waste incinerators in Pennsylvania are as follows ... 

An Evaluation of Modular Incinerators for Energy Recovery from Solid Wastes... 

This paper is concerned with an analysis of modular or shop fabricated incinerators for mass burning of unprocessed (or as-received) solid wastes. It is based principally on work performed during 1978 by SRI International for the Navy Civil Engineering Laboratory at Port Hueneme, California (1). The burning of municipal solid waste (MSW) will be the main focus of the paper although other waste-burning applications will be described. 

Descriptions of selected modular incinerator installations burning municipal solid waste may be found in References 11 through 14, Table I shows a summary of most of the modular units installed between 1974 and 1978 with a number of planned installations also indicated. A survey of 14 manufacturers of small incinerators made in 1975 by Hofmann disclosed that before 1975, there were 37 municipal plants with a total of 95 individual modular incinerators (11). 

Thus, the current installed capacity for MSW-burning modular incinerators with heat recovery ( 500 tons/day) probably represents about IT, of the solid waste collected from municipalities with populations ranging from 25,000 to 100,000. (For comparison purposes, note that the total capacity for energy recovery from municipal solid waste in the United States should be roughly equivalent to about 570 of the total waste collected by 1980.)... 

To determine if serious problems are associated with modular incinerators, DOD groups have funded or actually conducted tests of operating modular incinerators (16, 17). As a result of the various field tests and engineering evaluations, the DOD has decided to install a number of modular incinerators to recover energy from solid wastes. One of these installations (with three incinerators) is located near Jacksonville, Florida, at a Navy base and will serve as a testing and demonstration facility. If the units prove to be a satisfactory answer to the solid waste disposal and energy recovery needs, then more units may be justified for use by the Navy. 

City Finds Disposal Solution, N, Little Rock Picks Modular Incinerator for Steam and Income, Solid Wastes Management (March 1978). 

Hathaway, S. A., J. S. Lin, and A. N. Collishaw, "Field Evaluation of the Modular Augered-Bed Heat-Recovery Solid Waste Incinerator, U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, IL, Technical Report E-128 (May 1928). 

Thermal treatment is an effective and implementable option, but one which is relatively high in cost. For example, incineration of PCB-con-taminated wastes could range from 280 to l,000/ton. The cost per ton would be even higher when the volume to be treated is small due to the high fixed cost of thermal treatment equipment. This evaluation of thermal/hot-gas decontamination of the debris assumes on-site treatment with transportable modular equipment. 

In the early 1960s, a new, intrinsically simple type of incinerator started gaining in popularity as pubhc attention focused on air pollution from waste burning. The modular combustion unit (MCU) has become an economical and efficient system for on-site and central destmction... 

Recently, combustion in suspension and in fluidized beds has been developed [428 31], along with small modular incinerator systems [432]. Small incinerators are used especially in the medical field for hospital waste incineration. 

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