Paper incineration

F/uidi ed-BedIncinerator. Fluidized-bed incinerators are employed in the paper and petroleum (qv) industries, in the processing of nuclear wastes, and the disposal of sewage sludge. These are quite versatile and can be used for disposal of soflds, Hquids, and gaseous combustible wastes. 

RCF is sold in a variety of forms, such as loose fiber, blanket, boards, modules, cloth, cements, putties, paper, coatings, felt, vacuum-formed shapes, rope, braid, tape, and textiles. The products are principally used for industrial appHcations as insulation in furnaces, heaters, kiln linings, furnace doors, metal launders, tank car insulation, and other uses up to 1400°C. RCF-consuming industries include ferrous and nonferrous metals, petrochemical, ceramic, glass, chemical, fertiH2er, transportation, constmction, and power generation/incineration. Some newer uses include commercial fire protection and appHcations in aerospace, eg, heat shields and automotive, eg, catalytic converters, metal reinforcement, heat shields, brake pads, and airbags. 

Several papers and patents describe treating dye-containing wastewaters with Fenton s reagent with and without other methods such as coagulation, incineration, biodegradation, etc (130,181—187). 

A number of papers have appeared on the removal of heavy metals in the effluents of dyestuff and textile mill plants. The methods used were coagulation (320—324), polymeric adsorption (325), ultrafiltration (326,327), carbon adsorption (328,329), electrochemical (330), and incineration and landfiU (331). Of interest is the removal of these heavy metals, especiaUy copper by chelation using trimercaptotria2ine (332) and reactive dyed jute or sawdust (333). 

Soaked rags, cloth or papers, must be destroyed in an incineration plant at 1000°C. Disposal at a landfill area is not advisable for during rain they may be carried by storm drains into rivers, canals or ponds. 

Overview The U.S. Air Force has classified material that must be destroyed. Disintegrators provide an alternative to incineration for the destruction of classified materials. Disintegrators are able to handle the destruction of paper, thick documents, video cassettes, microfilm or reels, CD-ROMs, microfiche, and diskettes. Disintegrators are available with a capacity of 50 to over 7500 lbs. per hour. Disintegrators work in the following way ... 

Venmri scrubbers have been applied to control PM emissions from utility, industrial, commercial, and institutional boilers fired with coal, oil, wood, and liquid waste. They have also been applied to control emission sources in the chemical, mineral products, wood, pulp and paper, rock products, and asphalt manufacrnring industries lead, aluminum, iron and steel, and gray iron production industries and to municipal solid waste incinerators. Typically, venturi scrubbers are applied where it is necessary to obtain high collection efficiencies for fine PM. Thus, they are applicable to controlling emission sources with high concentrations of submicron PM. 

Capp, B. and Seebold, J. 1991. Detonation Experiments m an 18-mch Pipe. Paper presented at the 1991 Annual AlChE Meeting session of Fundamental Chemical and Physical Processes m Combustion and Incineration 1. Los Angeles, CA, November 17-22. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, NY. 

Abrahamsen, A. R. no date. The Use of Flame Arresters m Incineration and Flare Systems. IMI Amal technical paper. IMI Amal Limited, Birmingham, England... 

Fluidized-bed process incinerators have been used mostly in the petroleum and paper industries, and for processing nuclear wastes, spent cook liquor, wood chips, and sewage sludge disposal. Wastes in any physical state can be applied to a fluidized-bed process incinerator. Au.xiliary equipment includes a fuel burner system, an air supply system, and feed systems for liquid and solid wastes. The two basic bed design modes, bubbling bed and circulating bed, are distinguished by the e.xtent to which solids are entrained from the bed into the gas stream. 

Fick s law 592 Filter funnel 102 Filter papers 115 folding of, 116 incineration of, 120, 121 macerated, 450 quantitative, (T) 116 Filter pulp 450 Filtering crucibles 102 Filters, optical 661 Filtration 102, 106, 115 accelerated, 450 technique of, 116, 117 with filter papers, 116 with filtering crucibles, 117 Flame emission spectroscopy 779, 797 background correction, 795 elementary theory of, 780 D. of alkali metals by, 812... 

Plastics have many advantages. Included are the facts that they have the lowest energy consumption in the recycling processes of about 2 MJ/kg (2 to 2.5 MJ/I) and when incinerated the highest recovery energy content exists of about 42 MJ/kg. Some comparisons with other materials are provided. (1) Processing waste paper requires 6.7 MJ/kg and as a general rule about twice as much paper is needed compared to plastics for... 

CHEMICAL PLANTS METALSMELTERS PULP PAPER MILLS OH.REFINERES POWER PLANTS WASTE INCINERATORS... 

As for routes (2) and (3), the conclusion in this paper, as one can find back in many LCAs, is that the difference in environmental terms is not big. After all, both routes make use of the energy content (or carbon content) of the plastics, with a (close to) 100% efficiency. This is a striking point, since route (2) is labelled as incineration with energy recovery whereas route (3) is labelled as recovery , and hence in legal terms an option that scores... 

This paper introduces the Twin-Interchanging Fluidised Bed Incinerator (TIF) from EBARA Corp. of Japan, and describes a combustion test carried out by the company in collaboration with the Plastic Waste Management Institute, on waste plastic separated from municipal refuse, verifying the level of non-polluting combustion and high-efliciency energy recovery. The results of the test are presented, with considerations and conclusions. JAPAN... 

An Ecoprofile is an assessment of the environmental and resource impacts of a waste disposal process. This paper describes ecoprofiles for six different ways of disposing the plastic fraction in municipal solid waste -two material recycling processes that include separation of the plastic waste, material recycling without separation of the plastic waste, pyrolysis, incineration with heat recovery, and landfill. 17 refs. 

This paper describes a life eyele analysis study eondueted to determine the environmental impaet of meehanieal recycling in comparison to, or in conjunction with, other post-consumer HDPE disposal options - landfill, incineration, and energy reeovery. The results are presented and discussed in full. 

This paper discusses waste management in the city of Paris. Data on solid wastes in Paris is provided, then the role of incineration, and the use of energy from incineration (heating network, production of electricity, total energy recovery), is examined. Air pollution standards are listed, and a comparison made between the different energies used for a heating network. Finally, future considerations are discussed. 

This paper provides a detailed overview of the current plastics waste management situation in Japan. It discusses material, chemical, and thermal recycling, and incineration versus landfill. It also provides a flow sheet showing recycling and the treatment/disposal of plastics waste in Japan in 1991. Conclusions are drawn, and the outlook for the future is considered. 5 refs. 

Davos, 14th-18th March 1994, paper 56. 8(13) FEEDSTOCK RECYCLING OF PVC RECOVERY OF HCL BY INCINERATION... 

This paper focuses on feedstock recycling of PVC, which involves degradation in a full-scale incineration plant. Liberated hydrochloric acid is recovered and used in subsequent stages for the generation of new PVC. Full details are given on the basic concept, plant configuration, the process itself, and the economic aspects involved. 

Tests conducted in Finland and Sweden have indicated the viability of using waste paper and plastic packaging as a fuel in a conventional power plant rather than in a municipal solid waste incinerator. If the process is accepted, as much as 30 million tonnes of the 50 million tonnes of combustible packaging which Europe consumes each year could be used for power generation. The feasibility of the initiative is discussed, and its implications in terms of future power plant construction. APME... 

The scope of the case study is depicted in Fig. 2. In the inventory, average data on emissions and consumptions, typically based on 5-10 data points (depending on the parameter) from a total of 71 Danish and Swedish printing houses and European literature values, are used (foreground data). For the upstream and downstream emissions and consumptions (background data), inventory data from databases like EDIP LCV tool [12] and literature like BUWAL [13] and data from Swedish paper mills [14] have been used. In the main scenario, it is assumed that 53% of the paper is recycled and the rest incinerated (Danish situation in year 2000). 

The normalised and weighted impact profile for the case study is shown in Fig. 3. The potential impacts are divided into nine phases/steps, mainly related to the process steps at the model printing house and the paper production, incineration... 

If the avoided impacts from incineration of paper (i.e. avoided fossil fuel consumption incineration in Fig. 3) and the avoided impacts from recycling paper (i.e. avoided production of virgin paper recovery in Fig. 3) are allocated to paper production, the contribution from paper to the total impact profile is reduced significantly. 

The materials normally used as fuels to produce heat energy are plastics, leather, paper, paint, sludge, and emulsions. The materials commonly used as substitute inputs are the ashes from waste incineration [waste-to-energy (WTE)], as well as... 

Chlorinated compounds PCP, PCBs, PCDD/Fs Manufacture of pesticide and herbicide (D) Wood preservation sites (P) Pulp and paper production (P) Municipal waste incineration (P,D) Plastics, fire-retardants manufacture (P,D) Chlorinated phenols -3.6 Chlorinated hydrocarbons - 2.4 [43, 44]... 

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