Incineration of sludge

Phases Gas plus reactant solid. Regeneration of adsorbents, catalysts, incineration of sludges, reduction of ores and roasting of some solids. Capacity about 0.01-10 kg/s solid particle diameter 0.2-20 mm. Temperatures for incineration in the range 790-980 °C. 

If recycling methods cannot be applied, for example, for technical, environmental, or economic reasons, PFOA or similar substances can be removed by degradation technologies. A compilation of possible pathways is listed by Vecitis et al. [25]. These technologies include incineration of sludge containing absorbed fluorinated substances, photolysis in the presence of persulfate, direct UV photolysis or... 

Mu/tihearth Furnace. Multihearth furnaces are most often used for incineration of municipal and industrial sludges, and for generation and reactivation of char. The main components of the multihearth are a refractory-lined shell, a central rotating shaft, a series of soHd flat hearths, a series of rabble arms having teeth for each hearth, an afterburner (possibly above the top hearth), an exhaust blower, fuel burners, an ash removal system, and a feed system. 

Thermal treatment is used to destroy, break down, or aid in the desorption of contaminants in gases, vapors, Hquids, sludges, and soHds. There are a variety of thermal processes that destroy contaminants, most of which are classified as incineration. Incineration HteraHy means to become ash (from Medieval Latin, incinerare in or into ashes). With respect to the incineration of hazardous wastes regulated in the United States, however, there is a strict legal definition of what constitutes an incinerator. The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) definition of incinerator at 40 CFR 260.10 is... 

Incineration Incineration has been used to reduce the volume of sludge after dewatering. The organic fractions in sludges lend themselves to incineration if the sludge does not have an excessive water content. Multiple-hearth and flmd-bed incinerators have been extensively used for sludge combustion. 

In lagoons where there is liquid on the surface and a highly viscous fluid below the liquid surface, separating the water from the waste and sludge may be appropriate. The expienses for incineration of the removed sludge could be greatly reduced by removal of the water. 

After thickening, a variety of sludge handling and disposal options are available. For example, the thickened sludge can be applied directly to land. If liquid disposal is not applicable to a specific project, the thickened sludge can be dewatered by centrifugation, vacuum filtration, or filter pressing. The dewatered residue can then be land fill or incinerated. These options are discussed further on. 

According to EPA (1974), pesticides such as endosulfan should be destroyed at high temperature in an approved incinerator with a hydrochloric acid scrubber, if available. Any sludges or solid residues generated from this process are to be disposed of in a manner approved by all applicable federal, state, and local pollution control requirements. EPA strongly recommends that if incineration of excess pesticides is not possible, organic pesticides should be buried in a designated landfill site. 

Solid waste treatment steps include dewatering of sludge and combustion in an incinerator, bark boiler, or fossil-fuel-fired boiler. Sludges from a clarifier are dewatered and may be incinerated otherwise, they are landfilled. 

In the scenario for the controlled landfill site the treatment of effluent from the site by sewage treatment and the incineration of the sludge are taken into account. An additional scenario is made for an uncontrolled landfill site, assuming DEHP emissions. However, in an uncontrolled landfill site not only DEHP will emit from the site but also other toxic releases like heavy metals. So the results presented for the uncontrolled landfill site are an underestimation. For a more realistic assessment of impacts related to the uncontrolled landfill of PVC, additional estimates are necessary for the emissions of (toxic) releases. As a consequence, the impact assessment score for human and aquatic ecotoxicity for the uncontrolled landfill site will increase. The relative contribution of DEHP to these scores will decrease because also other emissions which are in the present assumptions are now lacking, like heavy metals, will contribute to the score. 

Municipal solid waste (MSW), 25 864 as biomass, 3 684 cadmium in, 4 489-490 characteristics of leachates in, 25 867t characterizing, 25 866-869 collection of, 25 869-870 composition analysis for, 27 365t ferrous scrap in, 27 411 incineration of, 25 872-873 mixed, 27 367-369 preparation of, 27 367-369 processing, 27 364-371 quantity and composition of, 27 362-364 recovery rates for, 27 364, 366-367t recycled, 27 360, 362-371 toxic chemicals in, 25 875-876 Municipal waste sludge, as biomass, 3 684 Municipal water, for aquaculture, 3 198 Municipal water softening methods,... 

---