Incinerator wastes residues

There is some uncertainty about the potential presence of metal in the TCE-contaminated soil of Area 2. If metal concentrations of concern are present, only Alternatives 2 and 5 would protect against direct contact and further groundwater contamination through a cap and incineration, respectively. Incineration of metal-contaminated soil may result in a hazardous waste residue, which would have to be disposed of in a hazardous waste landfill. Alternatives 3 and 4 rely on vapor extraction and would not lower risks from metal to human health or the environment. 

Incineration reduces the volume of hazardous waste by converting solids and liquids to ash. Land disposal of ash, as opposed to untreated hazardous waste, is therefore both safer and more efficient. Incineration, however, will not destroy inorganic compounds, such as metals, present in hazardous waste. Residue ash from incinerators is subject to applicable RCRA standards and may need to be treated for metals or other nonorganic constituents prior to land disposal. 

Van der Sloot, H. A., Kosson, D. S., and Hjelmar, O. (2001). Characteristics, treatment and utilization of residues from municipal waste incineration. Waste Manage. 21, 753—765. 

Wood residues Stock preparation rejects Sludges Incineration waste Other waste... 

The need to meet environmental regulations can affect processing costs. Undesirable air emissions may have to be eliminated and Hquid effluents and soHd residues treated and disposed of by incineration or/and landfilling. It is possible for biomass conversion processes that utilize waste feedstocks to combine waste disposal and treatment with energy and/or biofuel production so that credits can be taken for negative feedstock costs and tipping or receiving fees. 

Due to environmental considerations, many phenol plants are equipped with a special water treatment faciUty where acetone and phenol are recovered from the wastewater stream. Also, recovered heavy residue is considered a K-022 waste material by the U.S. EPA and must be properly disposed of by incineration or other means (12). 

SpiHs should be confined and prevented from entering water sources. Smother with foam and take up residue with an absorbent and put into dmms for disposal. The suggested method of disposal is incineration at an approved waste handling facHity in a system equipped with a combustion gas scmbber system (23). 

Disposal The final func tional element in the sohd-waste-management system is disposal. Disposal is the ultimate fate of all solid wastes, whether they are wastes collected and transported direc tly to a landfQl site, semisolid wastes (sludge) from industrial treatment plants and air-pollution-control devices, incinerator residue, compost, or other substances from various solid-waste processing plants that are of no further use. 

Solidification/Stabilization technologies are techniques designed to be used as final waste treatment. A major role of these processes is posttreatment of residuals produced by other processes such as incineration or chemical treatment. In some cases, solidification/ stabilization processes can serve as the principal treatment of hazardous wastes for which other detoxification techniques are not appropriate. High volume, low toxicity wastes (such as contaminated soils) are an example of this application. 

Incineration The process of burning solid, liquid, or gaseous combustible wastes, leaving a sterile residue containing little or no combustible matter. 

This article presents details of the gloomy picture of the environmental impacts associated with PVC waste which has been painted by four PVC waste management studies carried out for the European Commission. The studies cover mechanical recycling, feedstock recycling, behaviour in landfill, and the influence of PVC on incinerator flue gas cleaning residues. 

Lab packs Laboratories commonly generate small volumes of many different listed hazardous wastes. Rather than manage all these wastes separately, labs often consolidate these small containers into lab packs. Trying to meet the individual treatment standards for every waste contained in a lab pack would be impractical. To ease the compliance burden, U.S. EPA established an ATS for lab packs that allows the whole lab pack to be incinerated, followed by treatment for any metal in the residues. Treatment using this alternative standard satisfies the LDR requirements for all individual wastes in the lab pack. 

If an incinerator burns a listed hazardous waste, the ash is also considered a listed waste. The derived-from rule states that any solid waste generated from the treatment, storage, or disposal of a listed hazardous waste, including any sludge, spill residue, ash, emission control dust, or leachate, remains a hazardous waste unless and until it is delisted. The owner/operator must also determine whether the ash exhibits any of the characteristics of a hazardous waste. 

At closure, the owner/operator must remove all hazardous waste and hazardous residues from the incinerator equipment site. In addition, throughout the operating period, if the residue removed from the incinerator is a hazardous waste, the owner or operator becomes a generator of hazardous waste and must manage the residue in accordance with the requirements applicable. 

Disposal of residual fraction Depending on their quality and on the specific requirements applicable, residual fractions are disposed of in MSW incinerators, hazardous waste incinerators, cement works, or they are recycled. 

Astrup T, Riber C, Pedersen AJ (2011) Incinerator performance effects of changes in waste input and furnace operation on air emissions and residues. Waste Manag Res 29(10 Suppl) 57-68... 

CSMP [Cupola surface melting process] A process for vitrifying residues from the incineration of municipal wastes. Offered by ML Entsoigungs und Eneigieanlagen. 

The applications specified above have been demonstrated elsewhere [1,2,3] on the base of some research results obtained in the Plasma Technologies Environmental Protection Group (PTEP) of the Lodz Technical University. One of the most important applications is the plasma vitrification combined with waste incineration. This gives no postincineration residues and makes the system friendly to the environment. Two general technical solutions of this approach are here considered. 

The thermal treatment of some wastes (e.g. industrial, medical, and military) through their incineration results in the formation of relatively highly toxic residues. The ash residue being a secondaiy waste is sometimes more toxic than the primary solid feed. 

Waste incineration leads to a decrease of the waste mass only. From 15 to 30 % of feed mass is still the ash residue. 

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