Incineration costs

The design eost will be a function of the incinerator cost plus installation which is normally in the range of 4 to7%. This cost should be doubled to include engineering services during project construction. It should be noted that with the electric furnace, the power needed to start up results in a large connected load. In areas of the country where there are high demand charges for electric power, this system can be economically impractical. 

The SCOTT process uses an amine to remove the HjS. The acid gas off the amine still is recycled back to the Claus plant. Other types oi processes oxidize the sulfur compounds to SO2 and then convert ihc SO to a secondary product such as ammonium thiosulfate, a fertilizer. These plants can remove more than 99.5% of the sulfur in the inlet stream to the Claus plant and may eliminate the need for incineration. Costs of achieving this removal are high. 

In a sold-out market, a DuPont intermediates process was operating at 56% of peak capacity. The major cause of the rate limitation was identified as poor decanter operation. The decanter recovered a valuable catalyst, and the poor operation was caused by fouling from catalyst solids. Returning the process to high utility required a 20-day shutdown. During the shutdown, the vessel was pumped out and cleaned by water washing. The solids and hydrolyzed catalyst were then drummed and incinerated. A waste stream analysis identified three cost factors the volume of wastewater that had to be treated, the cost of the lost catalyst, and the incineration cost. 

An example of collection and baling costs in 2002 in Sendai city with a population over one million, is shown in Table 26.23 compared with that for the total incineration cost. In 2002, about 10000 tons of bales were prepared from plastic containers and packaging. The major use was blast furnace application in JFE Steel at Kawasaki. 

Evidently, the total incineration cost is much lower than the feedstock recycling cost. The average waste treatment cost in Japan attained 50 Yen/kg or higher in 2001 [4], The old incineration plant and landfill site, of course, contribute significantly to the lower cost. The total incineration cost in Sendai is lower than the average cost in Japan. Sendai city, however, has started a new incineration plant, 600 1/d in capacity which should elevate incineration cost at least 50% over the present one. 

We thus reduce the number of alternatives to 2. In both options the incineration will be carried out at the nearest, EPA approved, commercial incinerator located in Chicago and operated by Chemwaste Management Company. Based on the physical properties presented in Table 1 and the quantity of material to be incinerated, estimates of incineration cost were obtained as 0.64/kg of liquid and 22/kg of solid [ 8 ]. If one wishes to use the solvent extraction process, one realizes a considerable economic savings in incineration costs due to the substantial difference between the costs of incinerating liquids and solids. The estimated cost of incinerating solids includes ash disposal. If the solid, upon incineration, does not... 

Thus the total amount of liquid that has to be incinerated is approximately 4.2 X 10 kg. The total amount of solvent needed for the extraction process is 7.1 X 10 kg. The incineration cost is then 2.7 million, whereas the solvent cost (C S 0.18/kg) is 1.3 million. 

It is veiy economical especially when batteries are blended with other waste streams. Recycling costs are similar to incineration costs. 

Estimated processing costs were deemed acceptable at 6 to 10/kWh of batteries based on a 5,000 (metric) ton per year plant size. This compares favorably to the 40 to 60/kWh incineration cost. The relatively low value of the recovered materials prevents this recycling process from being completely self-supporting. Other more valuable forms of sulfur could be recovered with a modified process, but markets for them may... 

For example, only 4 percent of the total amount of hazardous waste generated in 1981 was recycled, according to a recent Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) study. Most industry efforts at waste minimization have resulted from efforts to decrease manufacturing costs, improve production yields, or comply with government standards. According to the study, federal and state regulations for disposal have increased land disposal costs from 15 per ton to a current cost of 250 per ton. Incineration costs have risen from 500 to 1500 per ton. ... 

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