Growth factor epidermal

EGF may also find a novel agricultural application in the defleecing of sheep. Administration of EGF to sheep has a transient effect on the wool follicle bulb cell, which results in a weakening of the root that holds the wool in place. Although novel, this approach to defleecing is unlikely to be economically attractive. 

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Whereas epidermal growth factor (EGF) enhances the radiosensitivity of human squamous ceU carcinoma cells in vitro (197), addition of EGF to hormone-deprived MCE-7 breast cancer cells prior to irradiation results ia iacreased radioresistance (198). An anti-EGE-receptor monoclonal antibody blocks the abiUty of EGE to enhance growth and radioresistance. Tumor cells, the growth of which is stimulated by EGE, appear to be protected those where growth is iohibited are sensitized (198). 

Figure 2.19 Organization of polypeptide chains into domains. Small protein molecules like the epidermal growth factor, EGF, comprise only one domain. Others, like the serine proteinase chymotrypsin, are arranged in two domains that are required to form a functional unit (see Chapter 11). Many of the proteins that are involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, such as urokinase, factor IX, and plasminogen, have long polypeptide chains that comprise different combinations of domains homologous to EGF and serine proteinases and, in addition, calcium-binding domains and Kringle domains.

Domains that are homologous to the epidermal growth factor, EGF, which is a small polypeptide chain of 53 amino acids. 

FIGURE 6.38 A sampling of proteins that consist of mosaics of individual protein modules. The modules shown include 7CG, a module containing 7-carboxyglutamate residues G, an epidermal growth-factor-like module K, the kringle domain, named for a Danish pastry ... 

These interactions involve adhesion proteins called selectins, which are found both on the rolling leukocytes and on the endothelial cells of the vascular walls. Selectins have a characteristic domain structure, consisting of an N-terminal extracellular lectin domain, a single epidermal growth factor (EGR) domain, a series of two to nine short consensus repeat (SCR) domains, a single transmembrane segment, and a short cytoplasmic domain. Lectin domains, first characterized in plants, bind carbohydrates... 

III. Tyr protein kinases A. Cytosolic tyrosine kinases src, fgr, abl, etc.) B. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) Plasma membrane receptors for hormones such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGE) Raf (a protein kinase)... 

Investigation of cytotoxic antitumor activity of phthalocyanin conjugates with epidermal growth factor 98MI55. 

The two isozymes are both homodimers, composed of approximately 600 amino acids and possess approximately 60% homology. The three-dimensional structures of COX-1 and COX-2 are very similar. Each one consists of three independent units an epidermal growth factor-like domain, a membrane-binding section and an enzymic domain. The catalytic sites and the residues immediately adjacent are identical but for two small but crucial variations that result in an increase in the volume of the COX-2-active site, enabling it to accept inhibitor-molecules larger than those that could be accommodated in the COX-1 molecule. 

The epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) is a protein found on the surface of cells. Heterodimerization of HER-2 activates the enzyme tyrosine kinase, triggering reactions that cause the cells to grow and multiply. HER-2 is found at abnormally high levels on the surface of many types of cancer cells, which may divide excessively. Antibodies targeting HER-2 (e.g., trastuzumab) are used as antineoplastic agents. 

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family Growth Factors... 

The regulation of NHE2 is multifactorial. Chronic exposure to nitric oxide and gamma-interferon decrease NHE2 activity, whereas metabolic acidosis and chronic stimulation with epidermal growth factor (EGF) increase activity. 

Harari PM (2004) Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition strategies in oncology. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 11 689-708... 

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Receptor Family Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (ErbB2) Epidural (Space)... 

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