Growth enhancer

Antibiotics approved for use as growth enhancers in Hvestock and poultry include bacitracins, bambermycins, Hncomycin [154-21 -2] penicillin [69-53 ] streptomycin [57-92-1], tetracycHnes, tiamulin [55297-95-5] tylosin [1401-69-0] and virginiamycin [11006-76-1] (61). 

Meat, dairy products and eggs contain low levels of natural hormones, including oestrogens, progesterone and testosterone, possibly enhanced by the use of hormones for veterinary purposes or as growth enhancers. " ... 

Hiiltner, L., Moeller, J., Schmitt, E., Jager, G., Reisbach, G., Ring, J. and Dormer, P. (1989) Thiol-sensitive mast cell lines derived from mouse bone marrow respond to a mast cell growth-enhancing activity different from both IL-3 and ILA. Journal of Immunology 142, 3440-3446. 

When assaying tissue, growth stimulation by unknown factors is always a drawback. In the assay of rat liver with L. pJantarum such stimulation was noted the drift was overcome by the addition of enzymatically hydrolyzed casein (FI). When assaying human liver, we also noted growth enhancement for O. danica by unknown factors the 1 2 dilution, as described above, obviated any drift. Biotin recoveries ranged from 96 to 103%. 

Synthetic steroids, especially estrogenic drugs, are used extensively in estrogen-replacement therapy and oral contraceptives, in veterinary medicine for growth enhancement, and in athletic performance enhancement. In general, large portions... 

In the last 40 years of research on HS biological activity, several aspects have been elucidated. The favorable morphological effects of HS on plants regarding growth enhancement have been demonstrated on several plant species under different study conditions. Besides these observations, effects on morphogenesis have also been demonstrated in terms of (a) the induction of lateral root formation and (b) root hair initiation and development in intact plants and stimulation of root and shoot development in treated cell calluses. 

Matsubara Y., Tamura H., Harada T. Growth enhancement and Verticillium wilt control vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus inoculation in eggplant. J Japan Soc Hort Sd. 1995 555-561. 

Plant growth regulators, whether natural occurring or synthetic have been used commercially since the 1950 s. Their uses have generally been to modify growth, enhance yields of food and fiber, adapt plants to scheduled harvest patterns and make certain crops more adaptable to mechanical harvesting. 

Rahman, M. A., Mak, R., Ayad, H., Smith, A., and Maclean, N. 1998. Expression of a novel piscine growth hormone gene results in growth enhancement in transgenic tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Transgenic Res 7 357-369. 

Chen, C. M., Cheng, W. T. K., Chang, Y. C., Chang, T. J., and Chen H. L. (2000), Growth enhancement of fowls by dietary administration of recombinant yeast cultures containing enriched growth hormones, Life Sci., 67, 2102-2115. 

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