Epidermal growth factor receptor, cancer

EGER epidermal growth factor receptor (cancer cell marker that is a target for anti-neoplastic therapy) ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (measurement method)... 

Frederiksen KS, Abrahamsen N, Cristiano RJ, Damstrup L, Poulsen HS (2000) Gene delivery by an epidermal growth factor/DNA polyplex to small cell lung cancer cell lines expressing low levels of epidermal growth factor receptor. Cancer Gene Ther 7 262-268... 

Mueller, B. M., Romerdahl, C. A., Trent, J. M. and Reisfeld, R. A. (1991). Suppression of spontaneous metastasis in Scid mice with an antibody to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Cancer Res. 51, 2193-2198. 

Shao H, Cheng HY, Cook RG, Tweardy DJ. Identification and characterization of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 recruitment sites within the epidermal growth factor receptor. Cancer Res, 2003,63 3923-3930. 

Zanella, C.L., Posada, J., Tritton, T.R., and Mossman, B.T., Asbestos causes stimulation of the extfacellular signal-regulated kinase 1 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade after phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Cancer Res., 56, 5334-5338, 1996. 

The epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) is a protein found on the surface of cells. Heterodimerization of HER-2 activates the enzyme tyrosine kinase, triggering reactions that cause the cells to grow and multiply. HER-2 is found at abnormally high levels on the surface of many types of cancer cells, which may divide excessively. Antibodies targeting HER-2 (e.g., trastuzumab) are used as antineoplastic agents. 

Harari PM (2004) Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition strategies in oncology. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 11 689-708... 

PETERSON G and BARNES s (1993) Genistein and hiochanin A inhibit the growth of hiunan prostate cancer cells but not epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine autophosphorylation. Prostate. 22 (4) 335-45. 

Cetuximab is a human/mouse antibody that binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor to block its stimulation. The pharmacokinetics of cetuximab demonstrate a volume of distribution that approximates the vascular space and a terminal half-life of 70 to 100 hours. Cetuximab has shown clinical activity in the treatment of colorectal cancer. An acnelike rash may appear on the face and upper torso 1 to 3 weeks after the start of therapy. Other side effects include hypersensitivity reactions, interstitial lung disease, fever, malaise, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea and vomiting. 

Additional genes and protein receptors are believed to be important in colorectal tumorigenesis. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which is induced in colorectal cancer cells, influences apoptosis and other cellular functions in colon cells, and overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane glycoprotein involved... 

More recently attempts to generate highly selective quiescent affinity labels have been made for a number of protease and kinase targets. As examples, inhibitors of the Rhinovirus 3C protease (Mathews et al 1999) and of the epidermal growth factor receptors (Boschelli, 2002), both incorporating Michael acceptors to covalently inactivate cysteine residues in their target enzymes (Lowry and Richardson, 1981 Figure 8.6), have entered human clinical trials for the treatment of rhinovirus infection and cancer, respectively. 

Wolff AC, Hammond MEH, Schwartz JN, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Recommendations for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 2007 131 18-43. 

Wolff A, Hammond M, Schwartz J, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology/ College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2007 25 118-145. 

Johnstone, P. 2002. The epidermal growth factor receptor a new target for anticancer therapy - introduction. Current Problems in Cancer 26(3), 114-164. 

Kane, S. 2006. Cancer therapies targeted to the epidermal growth factor receptor and its family members. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 16(2), 147-164. 

Filardo EJ (2002) Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation by estrogen via the G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR30 a novel signaling pathway with potential significance for breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 80 231... 

The unbound fraction of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib has been extensively studied in cancer patients [39]. The drug was found to bind to serum albumin, oq-acid glycoprotein, and red blood cells with a mean unbound fraction of 3.4% which was constant over 28 days of dosing. Unbound fraction ranged from 2.2% to 5.4% and was inversely correlated with pre-treatment levels of oq-acid glycoprotein. 

Koyama, S., Maruyama, T., and Adachi, S. (1999). Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and CD44 splicing variant sharing exons 6 and 9 on gastric and esophageal carcinomas a two flow-cytometric analysis. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 125, 47—54. 

Sizemore N and Rorke EA [1993] Human papillomavirus 16 immortalization of normal human ectocervical epithelial cells alters retinoic acid regulation of cell growth and epidermal growth factor receptor expression. Cancer Res 53 4511-4517... 

Kris, M.G. et al.. Efficacy of gefitinib, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, in symptomatic patients with non-small cell lung cancer a randomized trial, JAMA, 290, 2149-2158, 2003. 

---