Psychological

Over 17,000 terms from psychology, psychiatry and related fields are given clear, concise and modern definitions. 

Whatever This person needs some serious psychological help But Strike would not dismiss the chemistry. No way ... 

The aroma of fmit, the taste of candy, and the texture of bread are examples of flavor perception. In each case, physical and chemical stmctures ia these foods stimulate receptors ia the nose and mouth. Impulses from these receptors are then processed iato perceptions of flavor by the brain. Attention, emotion, memory, cognition, and other brain functions combine with these perceptions to cause behavior, eg, a sense of pleasure, a memory, an idea, a fantasy, a purchase. These are psychological processes and as such have all the complexities of the human mind. Flavor characterization attempts to define what causes flavor and to determine if human response to flavor can be predicted. The ways ia which simple flavor active substances, flavorants, produce perceptions are described both ia terms of the physiology, ie, transduction, and psychophysics, ie, dose-response relationships, of flavor (1,2). Progress has been made ia understanding how perceptions of simple flavorants are processed iato hedonic behavior, ie, degree of liking, or concept formation, eg, crispy or umami (savory) (3,4). However, it is unclear how complex mixtures of flavorants are perceived or what behavior they cause. Flavor characterization involves the chemical measurement of iadividual flavorants and the use of sensory tests to determine their impact on behavior. 

Human perception creates difficulty ia the characterization of flavor people often, if not always, perceive flavors differently due to both psychological and physiological factors. For example, certain aryl thiocarbamates, eg, phenylthiocarbamide, taste exceedingly bitter to some people and are almost tasteless to others (5). This difference is genetically determined, and the frequency of its occurrence differs from one population to another 40% of U.S. Caucasians are nontasters, whereas only 3% of the Korean population caimot perceive the strong bitter taste of the aryl thiocarbamates (6). Similar differences were found ia the sense of smell for compounds such as menthol, carvone, and ethyl butyrate (7). 

Color and Coloring Materials. The third key property of all types of ink is color which may very weU be the most important one to the consumer because it has such a great psychological impact. Color (qv) has three different attributes described as hue or shade, saturation or chroma, and lightness or value. 

To predict the comfort of a material, a combination of hand evaluation, eg, using the Kawabata system, as well as deterrnination of the heat and moisture transport properties, is necessary. Often, these values are correlated with a sensory evaluation of the tactile qualities of the material by a human subject panel. A thorough discussion of the many physical and psychological factors affecting comfort is available (134,135). 

The sympathetic or adrenergic nervous system operates in juxtaposition to the parasympathetic nervous system to maintain homeostasis in response to physical activity and physical or psychological stress. Sympathomimetic neurotransmission is generally mediated by norepinephrine [51-41 -2] (1), CgH NO, released from presynaptic storage granules upon stimulation. A second endogenous sympathomimetic agent, epinephrine [51-43-4] (2),... 

FPDs). They often have less aesthetically pleasing restoration than FPDs coupled with the nuisance of removing them at night and a psychologically less satisfying lack-of-permanency. 

Psychological disturbances With nervoms-ncss, disturbances of sleep, and similar symptoms, herbal drugs are often, and often justifiably, used. It is noteworthy that mostly aromatic constituents (essential oil) are present. 

Fig. 10-2. Threshold contrast in distinguishing an object from its surroundings. The eye responds to an increment in light intensity by increasing the number of signals (pulses) sent to the brain. The detection of threshold contrast involves the ability to discriminate between the target (1) and the brighter background (/ + A/). Source Gregory, R. L., Eye and Brain "The Psychology of Seeing." Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1977.

The specification and the proposal should be reviewed in depth. Options and their cost should be covered. Completeness is important because it is now time for the vendor to commit to any remaining items. If there was a single vendor in the lead, then, once the open questions are resolved, it would be safe to place the order. If, at the meeting, all questions were settled in a satisfactory manner, it can be quite good psychologically to place the order on the spot. 

Whilst the causative agent(s) have not been established it is thought to be multifunctional and possibilities include physical factors (humidity, temperature, lighting), static electricity, electromagnetic radiation, air ion concentrations, fungi, noise, psychological stress, and chemicals. Chemicals which are not those involved in the normal work processes can become trapped within the building, albeit at concentrations below those known to cause ill-health effects, if ... 

Norman, D. A. (1988). The Psychology of Everyday Things. New York Basic Books. 

Success trees, by definition, are success oriented. Some analysts claim that a success tree is a state of mind and that a true success tree cannot be adapted from a fault tree by de Morgan s theorem but must be built from "scratch" to involve the psychology of success rather than of failure. 

The explosion killed two workers, injured 350 local residents, destroyed property up to 20 miles away, and damaged 50% of Henderson s 17,000 residential and commercial buildings. The two largest blasts registered 3.0 ajid 3.5 on the Richter scale hundreds of miles away in Cdifomia, cars were crumpled, doors blown off their hinges, and windows shattered for miles around. Uninsured losses were more than 20 million, plus 3 million more in insurance deductibles. Just as serious, were the psychological and emotional impact of the explosions, on schoolchildren and adults. 

A commonly expressed definition is Thermal Comfort is that condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment. The definition implies that the judgment of comfort is a mental process that results from physical, physiological, and psychological factors and processes. Dissatisfac tion can lead to complaints and other undesirable side effects. 

Organic solvents have acute narcotic effects. Aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons seem to be especially effective. As stated, the combined effect of several organic solvents is usually considered to be additive. However, there is some evidence that the combined effect may in fact be synergistic. The symptoms caused by organic solvents, often called prenarcotic symptoms, resemble those caused by the use of alcohol. A decrease in reaction time and impairment in various psychological performances can be observed. Acute neurotoxicity can also be detected as abnormalities in the electroencephalogram (EEG i, which records the electrical activity of the brain. " ... 

Ergonomics The science dealing with the application of information on physical and psychological characteristics to workplace design. 

Human factors A term sometimes used synonymously with ergonomics, it may also refer to psychological and sociological aspects of ergonomic issues. 

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