Operant psychology

Operator error it means that the person who actual contacted with objects, including the frontline workers, all machine operators, maintenance persons have mistake. It includes 6 kinds of types. That is, thought is not correct unskilled unhappy family or work trusting to luck illegal operation psychological is not well. 

Intellectually, Synectics is a sophisticated method with roots in psychology. All its assumptions, the psychological states it identifies, and particularly its operational psychological mechanisms have been discovered through years of solid repeatable research and are verifiable. For all these reasons, the method is relatively easy to accept for scientists and engineers. 

The total number of 237 latent conditions was categorized into 10 groups. Two local workplaces did not include inadequate conditions of operators because the investigation reports did not mention such. Inadequate conditions of operators were the most common latent conditions. Inadequate or deviation from rules were the second most common latent conditions (Table 3). Among inadequate conditions of operators, psychological conditions counted for 51 out of 57, which included multiple factors (Table 4). Assumptions accormted for 42 out of 51 psychological conditions. The most frequent pattern of assumptions was that operators assumed that another vessel would take colhsion avoidance action or alter her course and/or reduce her speed (Table 5). 

The post-operative psychological effects of halothane were investigated by Davison et al (24C). They found, 8 days after the anaesthesia, near pre-anaesthesia values of intellectual function. Slight mood effects were still in evidence after 30 days. 

The sympathetic or adrenergic nervous system operates in juxtaposition to the parasympathetic nervous system to maintain homeostasis in response to physical activity and physical or psychological stress. Sympathomimetic neurotransmission is generally mediated by norepinephrine [51-41 -2] (1), CgH NO, released from presynaptic storage granules upon stimulation. A second endogenous sympathomimetic agent, epinephrine [51-43-4] (2),... 

These eiTors occur, not in spite of the fact that someone is well-trained but because he or she is well-trained. Routine operations are relegated to the lower levels of the brain and are not continuously monitored by tbe conscious mind. We would never get through the day if everything we did required our full attention. When the normal pattern or program of actions is interrupted for any reason, errors are likely to occur. These slips are very similar to those we make in everyday life. Reason and Mycielska [1] have described the psychology of such slips. 

Perimeter fencing may enhance the security of any premises. Not only does the fence present an obstacle for intruders to overcome but also it establishes the principle of defensible space and constitutes a psychological barrier to access. A perimeter fence, when supplemented by gates, traffic barriers and gatehouses (manned by security personnel or some other system of access control), allows the site operator to have control and supervision over all vehicles and pedestrians entering and leaving the site. 

Whether this concept can stand up under a rigorous psychological analysis has never been discussed, at least in the literature of theoretical physics. It may even be inconsistent with quantum mechanics in that the creation of a finite mass is equivalent to the creation of energy that, by the uncertainty principle, requires a finite time A2 A h. Thus the creation of an electron would require a time of the order 10 20 second. Higher order operations would take more time, and the divergences found in quantum field theory due to infinite series of creation operations would spread over an infinite time, and so be quite unphysical. 

A low risk situation, with relatively harmless consequences, would carry minimal restriction at little cost plainly the converse will apply if the risk is high. But there is a psychological dimension, too. If the preventive measures are disproportionately heavy, this might provoke mistrust in them on the part of the operators and render them inoperable. The need to avoid alarming the operators needlessly can play a big role. 

A thorough treatment of the truly magical process of self-transformation through combination of depth psychology and alchemcial operations. 

Cognition in Classical and Operant Conditioning , Journal of Clinical Psychology 60, no. 4 (2004) 369-92... 

Regardie explains that alchemy promises relief Now, it is with this rigidity of consciousness, with this inflexible crystallized condition of mind, that Alchemy, like modem Psychotherapy, proposes to deal, and moreover, to eradicate. The crystallization of the field of consciousness, with its consequent narrowing of the possibilities of experience, produces a species of living death. The alchemists proposed to kill death. Their object, by the psychological method of interpretation, was to disintegrate this inflexible rigidity of mind (17-18). Moreover, alchemy not only operates as psychotherapy hut also offers a way to enhance the practitioner s spiritual life ... 

Psychological stress may influence the immune system by activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axis (SAM). The well-described innervation of primary and secondary lymphoid tissues by the autonomic nervous system also has been implicated in stress-related modulation of the immune response. These pathways operate by producing biological mediators that interact with and affect cellular components of the immune system.13... 

Pryce, C. R., Dobeli, M., Martin, R. D. 1993. Effects of sex steroids on maternal motivation in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) Development and application of an operant system with maternal reinforcement. Journal of Comparative Psychology 107 99-115. 

In the assessment of odour production and nuisance from industrial processes the techniques are by now reasonably well established, and their accuracy and consistency are in principle known. There are major differences however between say a rendering plant on the one hand and a sewage treatment works on the other. One difference is psychological to many people an odour problem is necessarily concomitant to the existence of a sewage works. There have been instances of a well-operated sewage works built next to a tannery, where the sewage works has been almost universally blamed by irate local residents for a problem to which it has contributed in only a minor way. To this extent, for some people the only way to convince them that there is no odour nuisance would be to shut the works completely, and even then it is known that complaints can continue for some time afterwards. 

This, what 1 have called, functional psychopathological approach has merits over and above the opportunistic ones 1 mentioned. Because many psychological dysfunctions are measurable, in contrast to disorders and syndromes, this approach will provide psychopathology with a scientific foundation. Moreover, this psychological spectral analysis provides a map of functions still operating within normal limits and those that deviate from the norm. 

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