Treatment psychological

In most individuals, some degree of distress after a disorder is normal and resolves without treatment, and education and counseling may be all that is necessary to reassure them. Therefore, primary care clinicians should avoid indiscriminate pharmacologic treatment and mental health referral for all patients experiencing distress following a disorder (30). However, patients suffering extreme distress, such as those with dissociative symptoms or insomnia, are candidates for symptomatic treatment. 

The goal of psychological treatment is to help patients confront their fears and emotional responses to the traumatic event while not becoming overwhelmed (27). The general theme of psychological treatment involves techniques to reduce distress 

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Determine appropriate pharmacologic and psychological treatments (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy), including what has been helpful to the patient in the past. 

In the context of psychological treatments, cultural differences between the therapist and patient (such as in language, values and expectations) are important determining factors for patient satisfaction and the therapeutic relationship between patient and therapist, which will subsequently determine prospective treatment adherence (Jackson et al, 2007). In a similar way, the use of psychotherapeutic strategies deriving mainly from western theoretical orientation can have limited usefulness in patients from different cultures. Therefore it is generally necessary... 

Although it has received the most attention, CBT is not the only form of psychotherapy that is effective for depression. Other psychological treatments include interpersonal psychotherapy, short-term psychodynamic therapy and non-directive supportive therapy. Interpersonal psychotherapy focuses on problems that arise in interpersonal relationships, such as marital conflict, the loss of a loved one and social isolation.20 Short-term psychodynamic therapy focuses on acquiring insight and understanding of unresolved conflicts arising from the person s childhood. It is based on Freud s psychoanalytic theory, but requires only months, rather than the years it takes for a full psychoanalysis.21 Non-directive supportive therapy provides a warm, supportive atmosphere in which the depressed person can explore life issues... 

I am not a great fan of St John s wort. For lasting control of depression, psychological treatment produces the best results, and medication does not add much - if anything - to it. Nevertheless, if a depressed patient wants medication, or if available alternative treatments are not sufficiently effective, this herbal remedy, taken under medical guidance, may be worth considering. 

Lawlor, Debbie A. and Stephen W. Hopker, The Effectiveness of Exercise as an Intervention in the Management of Depression Systematic Review and Metaregression Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials , British Medical Journal 322 (2001) 1-8 Layard, Richard, The Case for Psychological Treatment Centres , British Medical Journal 332 (2006) 1030-32... 

Teasdale, John D., Psychological Treatments for Depression How Do They Work , Behaviour Research and Therapy 23 (1985) 157-65... 

Frank E, Johnson S and Kupfer DJ (1992). Psychological treatments in prevention of relapse. In S Montgomery and F Rouillon (eds), Long-Term Treatment of Depression (pp. 197-228). John Wiley Sons, Chichester, UK. 

Guidelines for the treatment of ischemic heart disease have become very sophisticated and even incorporate advice for the psychological treatment of the patient to improve outcome. They are very useful at the present day. However, in the acmal clinical... 

Pfiffner, L.J. and O Leary, S.G. (1993) School-based psychological treatments. In Matson, J.L., ed. Handbook of Hyperactivity in Children. Boston Allyn and Bacon. 

Weissman M. The psychological treatment of depression. Evidence for the efficacy of psychotherapy alone, in comparison with, and in combination with pharmacotherapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979 36 1261-1269. 

Marks I, O Sullivan G. Dmgs and psychological treatments for agoraphobia/panic and obsessive-compulsive disorders a review. Br J Psychiatry 1988 153 650-658. 

It should be noted that when a therapist takes LSD, he enters a state in which he can communicate with schizophrenic patients in a direct, close, empathic fashion. This communication opens the door to effective psychological treatment for schizophrenia. The schizophrenic is lost in time, and a therapist who will enter the paths of his disordered... 

Morgan K, Dixon S, Mathers N, et al. Psychological treatment for insomnia in the regulation of long-term hypnotic drag use. Health Technol Assess. 2004 8 ... 

Murtagh DR, Greenwood KM. Identifying effective psychological treatments for insomnia a meta-analysis. J Consul Clin Psychol 1995 63 79-89. 

Lichstein KL, Wilson NM, Johnson CT (2000) Psychological treatment of secondary insomnia. Psychol Aging 15 232-240... 

Psychological treatments may even be effective because the condition seems to be caused by stress. Deep breathing, meditation, and even listening to relaxation CDs can help develop a positive attitude that can speed recovery. 

Psychological treatments, such as relaxation and hypnotherapy are also of use, but due to limited NHS resources are saved for particularly resistant cases. 

H. Springer, op. cit. (note 64), p. 87. It is unknown whether Ohlendorf was treated like H6I3 or Pohl, but in his case even an almost undetectable, gentler psychological treatment may have sufficed. 

Bisson, J., Andrew, M. (2005). Psychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, vol. 4. 

The treatment of major depressive disorder includes both pharmacological and psychological interventions. As to psychological treatments, cognitive and behavioral techniques have demonstrated positive results. Patients W ho respond to psychological intervention are usually in the range of mild to moderate symptom severity. 

In addition to antidepressant drugs, some forms of psychological treatments have been shown effec tive for treatment of major depressive disorder. These include cognitive behavioral psychotherapy and interpersonal psychotherapy (Weissman, 1979). These therapies differ from traditional psychoanalytically oriented methods in that the therapist takes an active role, the patient is expected to do homework, and the treatment is time limited, usually for about six months. Little data are available regarding whether the combination of medications and psychotherapy is more effective than either treatment alone, but data are suggestive of an additive effect. 

Timely treatment of short-term insomnia is valuable, as it may prevent progression to a chronic condition, which is much harder to alleviate. Psychological treatments are effective and pharmacotherapy may be either unnecessary or used as a short-term adjunct. The approaches are to ... 

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