Psychological disorders children

Netherton, S. D., Holmes, D., Walker, C. E. (1999). Child and adolescent psychological disorders A comprehensive textbook. New York Oxford University Press. 

Psychological theories of the Cluster C disorders have focused on parent-child interaction. It is believed that APD may arise when parents who are overly cautious and overprotective raise a child with an introverted temperament. Similar parent-child interactions may contribute to the risk of DPD. By contrast, most theorists believe that OCPD emerges from the combination of an introverted and obsessional temperament in a child raised by authoritarian yet detached and unemotional parents. 

Hibbs, E., and Jensen, P. (1996) Psychosocial Treatments for Child and Adolescent Disorders. Washington, DC American Psychological Press. 

Child psychiatry in Japan has a relatively long history of its own. In the 1950s, several medical schools started child psychiatric services in their departments of psychiatry, primarily through child psychiatrists who had trained in the United States. In 1959, clinical psychiatrists and allied professionals who were interested in mental health and disorders of children first established the Japanese Society of Child Psychiatry. This society published the first issue of the Japanese Journal of Child Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines in 1960, the same year as the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines in the United Kingdom, a year ahead of the Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry in the United States, and well over 30 years before European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 

In terms of self-care, NIOSH (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002) has published a Traumatic Incident Fact Sheet for emergency workers that is educational and, at the same time, offers numerous suggestions for managing traumatic stress on-site at an incident and later after a disaster worker has returned home. Still, more research is needed to determine whether early interventions such as psychological first aid can deter the onset and progression of traumatic stress disorders in disaster personnel (National Child Traumatic Stress Network, 2005). 

Classic reactive depressions (sometimes referred to as psychological depressions) can range in intensity from mild or moderate (for example, adjustment disorders with depressed mood) to severe (major depression). These disorders occur in response to identifiable psychosocial stressors. These stressors may be acute and intense (such as loss of a loved one), insidious (as in the case of a gradual deterioration in the quality of marital relationship), or in the distant past (for example, the emotions experienced by a survivor of child abuse who in adulthood begins to recall long-forgotten abusive events). 

Mental health professionals should not make general assumptions that are based on adult guidelines when it comes to symptoms and presenting problems demonstrated by children, because there are clear differences between children and adults in the manifestation of psychological and emotional difficulties. A comprehensive assessment needs to include significant information on the specific behavioral, emotional, and psychological problems presented by children. The accuracy of this information will help the social worker and the medication prescriber to determine the nature of the child s mental disorder and whether medication therapy is indeed warranted. 

The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity has seri-ons implications for child health becanse it is associated with comorbidity, even during early childhood. This inclndes elevated BP, abnormal blood lipid concentrations, insnlin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitns, orthopedic disorders, skin problems, and psychological problems. 

Dawson G, Ashman SB. 2000. On the origins of a vulnerability to depression The influence of the early social environment on the development of psychobiological systems related to risk for affective disorder. In Nelson CA, ed. The Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology. Vol 31 The Effects of Early Adversity on Neuro-behavioral Development. Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp. 245-279. 

Dickstein, S. G., Bannon, K., Castellanos, F. X., and Milham, M. P. 2006. The neural correlates of attentional deficit hyperactivity disorder An ALE meta-analysis. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47, 1051-1062. 

Wilson, P. H. McKenzie, B. E. (1998) Information processing deficits associated with developmental coordination disorder metaanalysis of research findings. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 39,829-840. 

Bums, B. J., Hoagwood, K., Mrazek, P. J. (1999). Effective treatment for mental disorders in children and adolescents. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2,199-254. 

Hibbs, E. D., Jensen, P. S. (1997). Psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent disorders Empirically based strategies for clinical practice. Washington, DC American Psychological Association. 

Mulhern, R. K., Friedman, A. G. (1990). Psychological issues associated with treatment of childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. In S. B. Morgan T. M. Okwumabua (Eds.), Child and adolescent disorders Developmental and health psychology perspectives (pp. 267-300). Hillsdale, NJ Erlbaum. 

Hibbs, E. D. (1995). Child and adolescent disorders Issues for psychosocial treatment research. Journal of Abnormal Clinical Psychology, 23,1-10. 

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