Motivational psychology

Solomon, R. L, and Corbit, J. D. (1974), "An opponent-process theory of motivation," Psychological Review Si, 119-45. 

Baumeister, R. E, Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117 >), 497-529. 

Deci, E.L., Koestner, R. and Ryan, R.M. 1999. A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125(6), 627-68. 

Motivational Psychology seminar moderate very high almost Impossible low... 

Maslow, A.H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 376-96. 

Perhaps the most intriguing perspective is that caffeine s major effects have little to do with muscles and fat metabolism but result from its psychostimulant effects, enhancing mood, improving attitude towards exercise, and thus motivating athletes to work harder and longer. This would account for its purported inability to alter strength, which may be a less psychologically malleable variable, while endurance performance is sometimes believed to be more amenable to force of will. 

Miller, W. R., Tonigan, J. S. (1996). Assessing drinkers motivations for change The Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES). Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 10, 81-89. 

Pryce, C. R., Dobeli, M., Martin, R. D. 1993. Effects of sex steroids on maternal motivation in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) Development and application of an operant system with maternal reinforcement. Journal of Comparative Psychology 107 99-115. 

I have chosen the five languages listed above simply because I have had some exposure to all of them over the years. Let me assure you that no politieal or nationalistic motives are involved. If you would prefer French, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, and Swahili, please feel free to make the appropriate substitutions My purpose in using the language metaphor is to try to break some of the psychological barriers that students have to such things as Laplace transforms and frequency response. It is a pedagogical gimmick that I have used for over two decades and have found it to be very effective with students. 

There are a few companies that are hoping to change this. Several chemical companies that already have a large share of the chemical pesticide market are actively screening fermentation broths. A major motivation for this probably comes from the present concern about our environment. There is a perception that "natural pesticides will have a much less serious environmental impact than "chemicals". Whether this advantage is real or only psychological remains to be seen. 

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