Psychological effects acute

As we noted earlier, caffeine affects not only arousal, but also other behavioral influences such as attentional focus. However, it now appears that these other effects may be secondary to the impact of the drug on arousal and that a multi-factorial model incorporating the inverted-U function may best describe that relationship. Most results in the literature to date are supportive of the biobehavioral model proposed here. However, research on the psychological effects of acute and habitual caffeine... 

Abuse potential abuse liability, reinforcing property, drug-seeking, craving, psychological effect. Intoxication acute pharmacological effects. 

Monitor the patient for adverse CNS and psychological effects, such as abnormal dreams, dizziness, impaired concentration, insomnia, severe acute depression (including suicidal ideation or attempts), and somnolence. Be aware that insomnia may begin during the first or second day of therapy and generally resolves in 2-4 wk... 

Glue P, Wilson S, Lawson C, et al Acute and chronic idazoxan in normal volunteers biochemical, physiological and psychological effects. J Psychopharmacol (Oxf) 5 394-401, 1991... 

Breggin, PJR. Psychostimulants in the treatment of children diagnosed with ADHD. I Acute risks and psychological effects. Eth. Hum. Sci. Serv. 1, 13-33, 1999. 

There are some reports by users that methadone use may cause hallucinations. While it is well known that heroin users often describe a dream-like mental state when using heroin, this effect is rarely seen in people who use methadone. The reason behind this is probably due to methadone s slower onset of action and reduced level of intensity. Likewise, while users of heroin and other harder narcotics sometimes report feelings of acute anxiety, especially when first using the drug, users of methadone rarely report these psychological effects. 

Psychological effects have been associated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure in some human studies. Personality changes were reported following acute exposure (Oliver 1975). Depression (Levy 1988 ... 

In this section we review both the acute and chronic effects of alcohol consumption. We first go over alcohol s many acute physiological, sensory-motor (sensorimotor), and psychological effects. We also di.scuss several topics of special societal concern related to alcohol s acute effects, including aggression, sexual behavior, and driving. 

Nausea and Vomiting Cachexia Glaucoma Other Uses Physiological Effects Acute Effects Longer-Term Effects Psychological Effects Behavioral Effects Cognitive Effects Emotional Effects Social and Environmental Effects Summary... 

For example, chronic health effects from this acute exposure, including CNS or behavioral changes that were inextricably linked to PTSD, were observed (Yokoyama et al., 1998). In Iran, a recent smdy found higher prevalence of chronic psychological effects, including PTSD, among civilians exposed to both conventional warfare and chemical attacks than from war alone. This smdy is discussed later in the text (Section V.C). 

Clearly, there is much more work to be done before the precise health and psychological effects of marijuana use are well understood. In fact, many of these health issues remain the subject of much debate. Undoubtedly, opinions on its risks are polarized along the lines of proponents views on what its legal status should be. This polarization of opinion has prevented the development of any consensus on what health information the medical profession should give to patients who are users or potential users of marijuana. There is conflicting evidence about many of the effects of marijuana use. Readers are referred to an excellent article that attempts to summarize in a dispassionate way the evidence on the most probable adverse health and psychological consequences of acute and chronic use of marijuana. ... 

One major class of consequences is the adverse health effects including acute, latent fatalities and injuries. Another class of consequences addresses the so called socioeconomic costs of the ERP including psychological effects on the population subject to the ERP, social and economic effects of disruption of normal, everyday activities, etc. A set of distinct attributes, each measuring the degree to which each area of concern is affected as a result of the established ERP, is thus determined. As a result, each decision leads to a multidimensional consequence. 

Acute physical and psychological effects. Marijuana intoxication has an adverse effect on attention span, short-term memory, and psychomotor performance. Anxiety and panic attacks can occur, primarily in new users who are not familiar with marijuanas eflFects. At very high doses, some people experience delusions and hallucinations. There are no cases of fatal marijuana poisoning and humans are very unfikely to be able to ingest a fatal dose. The eflFect of marijuana intoxication impairs motor and cognitive abilities necessary to safely drive a car or operate machinery. The extent to which marijuana is involved in auto accidents is unclear. Many motorists intoxicated with marijuana drive more slowly and carefully and take fewer risks. However, there is an increased risk of accidents after using marijuana, but marijuana alone does not appear to contribute a great deal to accidents. Marijuana in combination with alcohol does. 

Liechti ME, Baumann C, Gamma A, Vollenweider FX. Acute psychological effects of 3,4-metltylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy") are attenuated by me serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram. Neuropsychophcumacology (2000) 22, 513-21. 

Subjects should not be discharged from a cannabis-administration research study until they have been evaluated for any unresolved or residual adverse effects from study participation. Adverse physical and psychological effects from acute cannabis administration, such as tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, impaired motor coordination, and drowsiness, usually resolve completely within hours. Thus, subjects can usually be safely discharged a few hours to a... 

Organic solvents have acute narcotic effects. Aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons seem to be especially effective. As stated, the combined effect of several organic solvents is usually considered to be additive. However, there is some evidence that the combined effect may in fact be synergistic. The symptoms caused by organic solvents, often called prenarcotic symptoms, resemble those caused by the use of alcohol. A decrease in reaction time and impairment in various psychological performances can be observed. Acute neurotoxicity can also be detected as abnormalities in the electroencephalogram (EEG i, which records the electrical activity of the brain. " ... 

The individual s average habitual exposure to caffeine moderates the effect of acute exposure on both physiological and psychological functioning. 

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