Psychological barriers

Perimeter fencing may enhance the security of any premises. Not only does the fence present an obstacle for intruders to overcome but also it establishes the principle of defensible space and constitutes a psychological barrier to access. A perimeter fence, when supplemented by gates, traffic barriers and gatehouses (manned by security personnel or some other system of access control), allows the site operator to have control and supervision over all vehicles and pedestrians entering and leaving the site. 

I have chosen the five languages listed above simply because I have had some exposure to all of them over the years. Let me assure you that no politieal or nationalistic motives are involved. If you would prefer French, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, and Swahili, please feel free to make the appropriate substitutions My purpose in using the language metaphor is to try to break some of the psychological barriers that students have to such things as Laplace transforms and frequency response. It is a pedagogical gimmick that I have used for over two decades and have found it to be very effective with students. 

There are many ways to accomplish this. One is to offer criticism in a spirit of helpfulness. This is a fairly direct approach, and its directness occasionally can lead to resentment however, words such as I know you are giving yom best effort, and do you think it would be possible if you tried XYZ can sometimes temper the blow enough to make a breakthrough. Notice that phrasing the constructive criticism in the form of a question has the effect of tempering the blow even further. Also notice how the use of and rather than but helps prevent the erection of additional psychological barriers before the sentence is finished. 

Another excuse you hear is, I might get involved in something I can t handle. These people seem to fear that any relationship that starts out innocently will automatically escalate to a sexual relationship. These people do not consider that the other person may fear such an escalation as much as they do. Once friendly signals have been exchanged, a timely follow-up is desirable if a new relationship is to blossom. The initial psychological barrier must be overcome to allow a relationship to develop. What happens after a relationship develops should not be anticipated in advance. Retirees should be able to develop rewarding second-level relationships without needless anxiety about what might happen later. 

In the early days of membrane development, membranes were expected to be widely used in the tertiary treatment of water to produce drinking water from sewage. At a cost of US 2-3 per 1000 gal, this idea makes good economic sense in many water-limited regions of the world. However, psychological barriers have inhibited its widespread adoption. A few small plants have been introduced in Japan and at least one large plant in the US. This plant, called Water Factory 21,... 

Serve as patient advocate with respect to social, economic, and psychological barriers to drug therapy... 

The most rigorous exclusion of water and oxygen can be accomplished on a high vacuum line. There appears to be a significant psychological barrier that has to be overcome before most workers will go to the trouble of building a suitable vacuum system, so that this approach is regarded as a technique of last resort. 

Ultimately, though, companies must not let psychological barriers get in the way of the new approach. Value creation, not size, is what matters to shareholders. Companies that reahze this and accept some temporary business shrinkage to play the winning game of the future wiU create tremendous value. 

A great deal has been published about phosphonium ylides but much less attention has been paid to arsonium ylides. There is probably to some extent a psychological barrier, for the word arsenic has for centuries been associated with poisoning. In the case of triarylarsonium ylides, which are those most commonly used, there are no problems of this sort in their normal handling, but it must be emphasized that great care must be taken in handling alkylarsines and in these cases efficient fume-chambers are essential. 

An important development occurred in 1979 with the first description of the flexible fused silica columns by Dandeneau and Zerenner [17]. This has helped considerably to remove the psychological barrier toward capillary GC for those being uncomfortable with the relatively fragile glass columns. 

When Neil Bartlett formed a compound between xenon and PtFg in 1962, he broke a psychological barrier. A number of other xenon compounds were synthesized in short order as was KrF2 and probably a radon compound. The next lightest member of the series, argon, resisted attempts to make a stable compound for almost four more decades. There are still no argon compounds isolable at ambient conditions. 

The ability of the expert system software to give advice or educate the user in a congenial fashion and in the user s own terms is paramount, so that any psychological barriers to computer use are avoided. 

This synthesis of (-)-norgestrel is one of the masterpieces of total syntheses. Its opening marks a new epoch in synthetic chemistry. ITiere is much merit in removing a psychological barrier. In 1894 E. Fischer proclaimed the principle of asymmetric synthesis. Ever since then a case was to be expected, where one of two enantiomers would be formed in excess. One was not prepared, however, to find out, more than 75 years later, that this would happen under relatively simple conditions and in the course of a development of an industrial synthesis. In the history of chemistry this breakthrough will be connected forever with the name of/ . Wiechert. 

Of all the physical methods commonly in use in chemistry and biochemistry, circular dichroism (CD) is probably the most underused. The method has great potential but probably due to the still-empirical nature of many of the rules, there tends to exist a large psychological barrier to its daily use. These empirical rules, the most well-known of which is the octant rule (274), are valid for particular sets of compounds and yield invaluable information (192) if applied with care. In the... 

---