Priority

The priorities of the people who create any MIF are a concrete manifestation of their scientific philosophy and overall objectives, and seven requirements seemed particularly important when the GRID force field [2] was being designed  

This force field was explicitly intended for use with the GRID method. 

The GRID force field could have been calibrated either by using theoretical calculations, or by studying experimental observations, and after much discussion the experimental approach was adopted whenever possible. 

The input data must always be thoroughly checked before every computation, and an associated program called GRIN was written to do this job. 

After the compliance officer reports the findings, the area director determines which citations warrant formal issuance and which penalties require assessment. An other than serious violation addresses issues that would not normally cause death or serious physical harm. OSHA can issue a serious violation if substantial probability exist that death or serious physical harm could result. The employer knew or should have known situation or hazard. OSHA cites imminent dangerous citations as serious violations. A willful violation refers to a situation that the employer intentionally and knowingly committed. The employer either knows that the operation constitutes a violation or is aware that a hazardous condition existed but made no reasonable effort to eliminate it. A repeat violation can address any standard, regulation, rule, or order where, upon reinspection, another 

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Groups attached to the chiral centre are given an order of priority according to the sequence rules. For an enantiomeric carbon compound the group of lowest priority is... 

When necessary a lone pair of electrons are considered a substituent and given a priority lower than H. 

When similar atoms are attached to a particular atom, priority order is determined by the nature of the atoms further away. 

Cavities occupied in first priority Cavities occupied in second priority... 

The addition of hydrogen and the diminution of carbon are priorities demand for hydrogen is becoming a determinant factor. 

The next phase which resulted in the worldwide acceptance of eddy current technology for testing metals was the work of Dr Friedrich Foerster. Dr Foerster, a modem Giant, has rightly been called the father of modern eddy current testing (Ref 5). His early work was driven by the priorities of the Second World War, after which he embarked upon major research and... 

Collaborative R D has been carried out since the inception of the European Community and the The Maastricht Treaty made R D one of the priority policies of the European Union... 

For continuation of the work on standardisation in the field of NDT TD, Gosstandardt set up a Technical Committee on Standardisation Technical Diagnostics and Non-Destructive Testing (TC-78) This is a social organisation which unites the leading experts on TD NDT, and determines the priority areas of work, and qualified performers in the field of TD NDT Its main aim is unification of the standards of Ukraine with the European norms. 

This ctm be a challenge, because all kinds of information is in one basket and all of it can have, or wants to have, the same priority of visibility. But in practice, that is, of course, not possible If it were, NDT company Homepages would gain a high traffic... 

Figure 2-71. The ordered list of 24 priority sequences of the ligands A-D around a tetrahedral stereocenter, The permutations can be separated into two classes, according to the Cl P rules the R stereoisomer is on the right-hand side, and the S stereoisomer on the left.

The basic idea of specifying the priority of the atoms around a stereocenter in order to obtain a stereodescriptor is also incorporated into the most widespread structure representations, the Molfile and SMILES (see Sections 2.3.3, and 2.4.6). 

Stereochemistry can also be expressed in the SMILES notation [113]. Depending on the clockwise or anti-clockwise ordering of the atoms, the stereocenter is specified in the SMILES code with or respectively Figure 2-78). The atoms around this stereocenter are then assigned by the sequence of the atom symbols following the identifier or (g). This means that, reading the SMILES code from the left, the three atoms behind the identifiers ( ) or ( )( )) describe the stereochemistry of the stereocenter. The sequence of these three atoms is dependent only on the order of writing, and independent of the priorities of the atoms. 

The reinaining five search topics (Research Topic, Author Name, Document Identifier, Company Namc/Organii ation, and Browse Table of Contents arc conducted in a similar fashion, with the input being the only difference between the criteria. Thus, in Research Topic" the entry can be any, or even several, keywords or phrases. In "Author Name", literature written by a specific author will be Found, including alternative spelling, Document Identifier" can also be entered directly in the query. Document identifiers arc CA abstract numbers, patent numbers, patent application numbers, or priority application numbers. The last two search topics (Company Name/Organi2ation, and Browse Table ofContents) allow one to search for literature from specific companies or to view the list of journals which are available in the database. 

Priority for the use of pj-ridine as a catalyst shouki be assigned to Verley Doebner subsequently extended its use. 

With my European background, I was when I came to America and still am impressed by the rather loosely organized, more decentralized way of research support. Of course, even in a great country like ours resources are not limitless and inevitably prevailing trends of research set priorities. In my field of interest the 1970s and 1980s were a period when, after two oil crises, research on hydrocarbon fuels and their synthetic preparation had significant public interest and support. Catalytic research in its many aspects was heavily pursued and considered a national priority. 

The different functional categories of the selenazoles have been classed in according to the functional priority or to the quantity of prepared compounds. 

The priority rules in Table 5 1 were developed by R S Cahn and Sir Christopher In gold (England) and Vladimir Prelog (Switzerland) in the context of a different aspect of organic stereochemistry they will appear again in Chapter 7... 

In the Z stereoisomer the two lower priority substituents—the methyl group and the hydrogen—are on the same side of the double bond In the E stereoisomer these substituents are on opposite sides of the double bond The ring carbons are the higher ranking substituents at each end of the double bond y... 

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog Priority Rules (Table 5 1, p 175)... 

If the same alkyl group occurs more than once as a side chain, this is indicated by the prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, etc. Side chains are cited in alphabetical order (before insertion of any multiplying prefix). The name of a complex radical (side chain) is considered to begin with the first letter of its complete name. Where names of complex radicals are composed of identical words, priority for citation is given to that radical which contains the lowest-numbered locant at the first cited point of difference in the radical. If two or more side chains are in equivalent positions, the one to be assigned the lowest-numbered locant is that cited first in the name. The complete expression for the side chain may be enclosed in parentheses for clarity or the carbon atoms in side chains may be indicated by primed locants. 

Unsaturated branched acyclic hydrocarbons are named as derivatives of the chain that contains the maximum number of double and/or triple bonds. When a choice exists, priority goes in sequence to (1) the chain with the greatest number of carbon atoms and (2) the chain containing the maximum number of double bonds. 

Should there be a choice for the fundamental straight chain of a radical, that chain is selected which contains (1) the maximum number of double and triple bonds, (2) the largest number of carbon atoms, and (3) the largest number of double bonds. These are in descending priority. 

The position of substituents is indicated by numbers, with the lowest locant possible given to substituents. When a name is based on a recognized trivial name, priority for lowest-numbered locants is given to substituents implied by the bivial name. When only two substituents are present on a benzene ring, their position may be indicated by o- ortho-), m- meta-), and p- (para-) (and alphabetized in the order given) used in place of 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-, respectively. 

Listed in order of increasing priority for selection as parent compound. 

TABLE 1.3 Specialist Nomenclature for Heterocyclic Systems Heterocyclic atoms are listed in decreasing order of priority. 

TABLE 1.5 Trivial Names of Heterocyclic Systems Suitable for Use in Fusion Names Listed in order of increasing priority as senior ring system. 

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