Priority pollutant list

Keith et al. [36] and Reijnders et al. [37] reviewed applications of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to sediment analysis. Lopez-Avila et al. [38] investigated the efficiency of dichloromethane extraction procedures for the isolation of organic compounds from sediments prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The compounds investigated were the 51 priority pollutants listed by the Environmental Protection Agency, USA. 

In addition to gasoline, CFC, and so on, various other organic and inorganic compounds such as heavy metals, sulfides, and cyanides on the USEPA Priority Pollutants List, and subject to various water quality criteria, guidelines, etc., when released can also contaminate the soil. The contaminated soil then becomes a hazardous solid waste which must be properly disposed of [63-86]. 

Haloethers (Method 611). Bis(chloromethyl) ether is known to have a very short half-life in water (38 s). Therefore, it was eliminated from the priority pollutant list and from consideration in EMSL-Cincinnati method studies. Some of the other haloethers are very volatile, and care must be taken to prevent their loss during the concentration step. The haloethers are determined by OHD-GC by using a 1.8-m X 2-mm i.d. glass column containing Supelcoport coated with 3% SP-1000. The temperature is held at 60 °C for 2 min and then programmed at 8 °C/min to 230 °C. 

TABOR At the USEPA Workshop at Palo Alto, California, in July 1984 [see chapter 2 of this book], it was suggested that every one of the six isolation protocols recommended would be tested with surrogate compounds to validate the procedures, and Dave Brusick of Litton Bionetics and some of the other biologists in the group were talking about lists of compounds on the priority pollutant list and others to reflect compounds with and without known mutagenic activity. 

Protection Agency s priority pollutant list (Cerniglia, 1992). The environmental persistence and genotoxicity of PAHs increases as the molecular size increases up to four or five fused benzene rings, and toxicological concern shifts to chronic toxicity, primarily carcinogenesis (Miller Miller, 1981). In short, oil pollution on land and in the sea presents a serious problem to public health, commercial fisheries, land development, and recreational and water resources. 

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are priority pollutants listed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). They are recalcitrant in nature, thus their destruction is difficult. The most commonly encountered THMs in drinking water threatening human health are chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform. Tang and Tassos (1997) studied the oxidation kinetics and mechanisms of these four THMs. 

Chemcatcher (metals version) Chelating and C18 Empore sorbent disks Cellulose acetate membrane Range of heavy metals included in priority pollutant lists, including organotin and mercury compounds Integrative, speciation 2-4 weeks Extraction with acid 55,56... 

Chemicals or other pollutants determined to be of concern because of likely effects on threatened and endangered species or on commercially or recreationally important species or of ecosystem function significance Existing Priority Pollutant List, chemicals or pollutants identified as significant contributors to... 

B.E. Richter, J.L. Ezzell and D. Felix, Singel Laboratory Method Validation Report Extraction of TCL/PPL (Target Compound List/Priority Pollutant List) BNAs and Pesticides Using Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) with Analytical Validation by GC/MS and GC/ECD, Document 116064.A, Dionex Corporation, 16 June (1994). 

An on-line technique coupling preconcentration via a precolumn packed with PGC and LC with a PGC analytical column has been applied to the trace-level determination of some polar and water-soluble organic pollutants from environmental waters.As these analytes are much more retained by the graphite surface than by silica Cig, preconcentration on the PGC precolumn cannot be coupled on-line with a widely used and more efficient Cjg silica analytical columns. In this study, applications were presented for the trace-level determination of 2-chloro-4-aminophenol, chloroanilines, amino-phenols, and cyanuric acid these organic compounds are included in the EC environmental priority pollutant list. The influence of the sample matrix was investigated with drinking and river water samples. 

Cosmetics are used daily in most households. These include facial and body creams, hair colorants, setting and other treatment products, nail polishes, lipsticks, facial powders, perfumes, and deodorants. Toxic chemicals contained in cosmetics include many of those listed on the EPA 129 priority pollutants list (see Section 8.8). Some of these are formaldehyde, PAHs, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, and heavy metals. I32l... 

Table 1 Physicochemical properties of PAHs on the EPA Priority Pollutants List... 

Oehme (1983) and Low et al. (1986) employed capillary GC coupled with negative ion chemical ionization MS for detecting and differentiating isomeric PAHs (including PAHs on EPA s priority pollutant list). This procedure was successfully used to differentiate the isomers... 

Information in this book is presented alphabetically by chemical. Approximately 80 chemicals are profiled. Companion volumes cover pesticides, solvents, and large production and priority pollutants (listed in Adcfitional Titles ). 

Table 28.10 reports some examples of the levels of phthalates found in different environmental matrices, such as river, coastal, waste and drinking water, soils, sediments, sludges, and air. The phthalates presented in this table are the six congeners included in the U.S. EPA Priority Pollutant list. 

In the settlement of a law suit brought against the Environmental Protection Agency, EFA, by several environmental groups, the EFA agreed in 1976 to review the effluent limitations and guidelines of 65 toxic chemicals based on the best available technology economically achievable (1-2). As a result of the Clean Water Act, CWA, in 1977, the EFA expanded this list to 129. This is commonly known as the Priority Pollutant List. The Clean Water Act requires that effluent standards be established for each toxic pollutant. 

The organic contaminant should be on the EPA priority pollutant list. 

Ptce refers to the intrinsic volatility exhibited by a chemically pure substance TCE. TCE is a liquid at room temperature, and if one opens a bottle that contains the pure liquid, one is immediately struck by virtue of the sense of smell with the concept of the vapor pressure of TCE It is likely that Ptce is greater than F ca, where PCE refers to perchloroethylene (tetra-chloroethene). PCE is also on the EPA s priority pollutant list. One would expect to find that Cxce greater than assuming all other factors... 

Other environmental applications are restricted to specific phenolic compounds included on the priority pollutant lists of the EU and USEPA, as is the case with the nitrophenolic isomers 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and the 2,4-dinitrophenol [190-192],... 

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