Priority pollutant 2.4- dinitrophenol

Overcash MR, Weber JB, Miles ML. 1982. Behavior of organic priority pollutants in the terrestrial system Di-N-butyl phthalate ester, toluene, and 2,4-dinitrophenol. Water Resources Research Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. NTIS PB82-224544. 

Nitrophenols, used in the manufacture of dyes, explosive and pesticides [2,5,6] > are released into the environment during the hydrolysis of several organophosphorous pesticides, such as parathion. 2-Nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 2,4-dinitrophenol are priority pollutants according to the USEPA [57]. 

Other environmental applications are restricted to specific phenolic compounds included on the priority pollutant lists of the EU and USEPA, as is the case with the nitrophenolic isomers 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and the 2,4-dinitrophenol [190-192],... 

As might be expected, the type of feedstock chemical and industrial process play a key role in determining the presence of phenols in wastewater. For example, the nitration of benzene and toluene to produce nitrobenzene and dinitrotoluene also leads to the incidental formation of nitrophenol, dinitrophenol, and dinitro-o-cresol. Similarly, alkylphenols and methyl-phenols may be produced during alkylation and solvent extraction of toluene, xylene, and Cg-Q alkylphenols. Wise and Fahrenthold (1981) suggested that most industrial processes were not sources of priority pollutants because the processes do not involve critical precursor/process combinations. In addition, synthetic production methods generally lead to an increase in complexity of priority pollutant molecules. These in turn exhibit variable toxicity and persistance, which may be comparable to related priority pollutants. 

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