Functionality different

There are functionally different types of hair straightening preparations, ie, those which produce temporary straightening and those which are designed to accomplish permanent effects. 

The simple picture of the MOS capacitor presented in the last section is compHcated by two factors, work function differences between the metal and semiconductor and excess charge in the oxide. The difference in work functions, the energies required to remove an electron from a metal or semiconductor, is = —25 meV for an aluminum metal plate over a 50-nm thermally grown oxide on n-ty e siUcon with n = 10 cm . This work... 

A guide to tire stabilities of inter-metallic compounds can be obtained from the semi-empirical model of Miedema et al. (loc. cit.), in which the heat of interaction between two elements is determined by a contribution arising from the difference in work functions, A0, of tire elements, which leads to an exothermic contribution, and tire difference in the electron concentration at tire periphery of the atoms, A w, which leads to an endothermic contribution. The latter term is referred to in metal physics as the concentration of electrons at the periphery of the Wigner-Seitz cell which contains the nucleus and elecUonic structure of each metal atom within the atomic volume in the metallic state. This term is also closely related to tire bulk modulus of each element. The work function difference is very similar to the electronegativity difference. The equation which is used in tire Miedema treatment to... 

Note that in ISO/TS 16949 documented procedures are needed where the product identity is not inherently obvious - the where appropriate condition has been removed. If products are so dissimilar that inadvertent mixing would be unlikely to occur, a means of identifying the products is probably unnecessary. Inherently obvious in this context means that the physical differences are large enough to be visible to the untrained eye. Therefore functional differences, no matter how significant - as well as slight differences in physical characteristics, such as color, size, weight, appearance - would constitute an appropriate situation for documented identification procedures. 

In the analysis of pumps, IPRDS failure data for 60 selected pumps at four nuclear power plants were statistically analyzed using FRAC. The data cover 23 functionally different pumps, respectively, for two BWRs. Catastrophic, degraded, and incipient failure severity categories were considered for both demand-related and time-dependent failures. 

Separation media, with bimodal chemistry, are generally designed for the complete separation of complex samples, such as blood plasma serum, that typically contain molecules differing in properties such as size, charge, and polarity. The major principle of bifunctional separation relies on the pore size and functional difference in the media. For example, a polymer bead with hydrophilic large pores and hydrophobic small pores will not interact with and retain large molecules such as proteins, but will interact with and retain small molecules such as drugs and metabolites. 

The biradical resonance structure for ozone requires two singly occupied MOs, and it is clear that an RHF type wave function, which requires all orbitals to be doubly occupied, cannot describe this. A UHF type wave function, however, allows the a and /3 orbitals to be spatially different, and can to a certain extent incorporate both resonance structures. Systems with biradical character will often have a (singlet) UHF wave function different from an RHF. 

Bases function in a more complex way than simply by acting as a halogen acceptor, for they cannot always be used interchangeably, and the product may depend on the base used (58,68,69). Diamines, such as ethylene-, propylene-, or hexamethylene diamines may function differently than monoamines. Diamines were thought to function through chelate formation (32). Loven and Speckamp (40) concluded that selectivity in reduction of a... 

A gas is not in equilibrium when its distribution function differs from the Maxwell-Boltzman distribution. On the other hand, it can also be shown that if a system possesses a slight spatial nonuniformity and is not in equilibrium, then the distribution function will monotonically relax in velocity space to a local Maxwell-Boltzman distribution, or to a distribution where p = N/V, v and temperature T all show a spatial dependence [bal75]. 

Table 11-2 shows the built-in potential in metal/MEH-PPV/metal structures measured by either electroabsorption [15] or photocurrenl techniques [37] for a variety of contact metals. The uncertainty in both the work function differences and the built-in potential measurements is about 0.1 eV. For all of the structures except the Pt-Ca and Al-Sm devices there is good agreement between the metal work function difference, AW, and the built-in potential, Vhi. This indicates that for a wide range of metal contacts the Schottky energy barrier between the metal and MEH-PPV is well approximated by the ideal Schottky model and that state chaiging, which pins the Schottky energy barrier, is not significant. A built-in potential smaller than the difference between the contact work functions implies that... 

Figure 11-7. Calculated and measured built-in potential as a function or inctul work function difference for melal/MEH-PPV/Ca structures. The calculated built-in potentials for the undoped MEH-PPV structures arc in good agreement with the measured built-in potentials.

Table 11-2. Work function difference, AW. and built-in potential. Vhn for a series of metal contact pairs to MEH-PPV.

Alterations to the P53 gene are the most common genetic defects known in cancer [5]. The protein product of P53 is involved in a number of pathways that directly and indirectly lead to apoptosis. Many genes that are involved in apoptosis can be induced by this protein, which is a transcriptional transactivator. The emerging hypothesis is that p53 is a central node of a complex apoptotic network that may function differ ently in diver se cell types and tissues. For example, Bax, the prototype proapoptotic member of the Bcl2 family, can be transcriptionally induced by p53 in certain, but not all, cell types. Like p53, Bax can modulate the extent to which cells are sensitive to apoptosis caused by therapeutic agents. 

Caspases. Figure 2 Caspase activating complexes. Schematic representation of all described long prodomain caspase activation complexes. Each complex contains essentially three functionally different building blocks a sensor/platform, an adaptor and an effector in the form of a particular caspase. Some instigating ligands, possible outcomes and regulatory proteins are indicated. 

It will be observed that the function differs appreciably from zero only within a radius of the order of magnitude of the major axis of the corresponding ellipses of the old quantum theory namely, r = 2a0w2/Z, or = in, as was remarked by Schrodinger (I). In fig. 2 are given values of D as a function of... 

Compound [5a] is the open-chain analogue of [5b], but, if [5a] is diprotonated, the two positive charges can avoid each other. Therefore log Ki and log K2 values only differ by 0.8 units (see Table 2). For statistical reasons, the pK i and pi a2 of a diacid with identical acidic functions differ by 0.6 pATa units. Thus in [5a] there is hardly any influence of the first on the second protonation. 

Details regarding structural/functional differences among chemokines and their receptors are discussed elsewhere in this volume. Briefly, chemokines (and their cognate receptors) consist of four main classes (CC, CXC, CX3C and C) based on the number and spacing of at least four conserved cysteine residues (Murphy 2002). 

The behavior of a multi-particle system with a symmetric wave function differs markedly from the behavior of a system with an antisymmetric wave function. Particles with integral spin and therefore symmetric wave functions satisfy Bose-Einstein statistics and are called bosons, while particles with antisymmetric wave functions satisfy Fermi-Dirac statistics and are called fermions. Systems of " He atoms (helium-4) and of He atoms (helium-3) provide an excellent illustration. The " He atom is a boson with spin 0 because the spins of the two protons and the two neutrons in the nucleus and of the two electrons are paired. The He atom is a fermion with spin because the single neutron in the nucleus is unpaired. Because these two atoms obey different statistics, the thermodynamic and other macroscopic properties of liquid helium-4 and liquid helium-3 are dramatically different. 

Based on the structural/functional difference, the members of the CXC chemokine family are unique cytokines in their ability to behave in a disparate manner in the regulation of angiogenesis. The angiogenic members include... 

McGee M. P., Li L. C. Functional difference between intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways. Kinetics of factor X activation on human monocytes and alveolar macrophages. J Biol Chem 1991 266,8079-85. 

Rouch, D.A., Parkhill, J., and Brown, N.L., Induction of bacterial mercury- and copper-responsive promoters Functional differences between inducible systems and implications for their use in gene-fusions for in vivo metal biosensors, J Ind Microbiol and Biotechnol, 14 (3), 349-353, 1995. 

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