Priority effect

O vPTfvP+highT >rvBT(vB hlghT) d. high KumanToxIcIty for any priority effect... 

The priority effects are carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproductive or developmental toxicity, endocrine disruption and neurotoxicity. Human toxicity is broader than priority effects, including acute toxicity, systemic toxicity (organ effects), immune system effects and skin/eye/respiratory damageaswellasthepriority effects. And toxicity as T includes both human toxicity and ecotoxicity. 

Alford, R. A. and Wilbur, H. M. (1985) Priority effects in experimental pond communities competition between Bufo and Rana. Ecol. 66, 1097-1105. 

Human Toxicity = priority effects (see below) or acute toxicity, immune system or organ effects, sensitization, skin corrosion, or eye damage... 

Priority Effects = carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, reproductive or developmental toxicity, endocrine disruption, or neurotoxicity... 

The primary hazard of concern with decaBDE as a homogenous chemical (and excluding its breakdown products) is very high persistence. Beyond persistence there are moderate concerns with decaBDE for many priority effects, including cancer, developmental... 

RDP and its breakdown products 125997-21-9 Chemical constituents have high persistence or high bioaccumulation and moderate/high toxicity (but not for priority effects)— stopping RDP at Benchmarks 2(a) and 2(c) Breakdown product, phenol, has high systemic effects—stopping RDP at Benchmark 2(d) Benchmark 2 Use. Search for Safer Substitutes... 

C) A more complex pattern partly mediated by a geographic barrier, partly by priority effects not associated with a geographic barrier. (D) A complex mosaic pattern that is independent from true geographic barriers. 

Urban, M., De Meester, L. (2009). Community monopolization local adaptation enhances priority effects in an evolving metacommunity. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 276, 4129-4138. 

According to the CDC, almost 1.7 million hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) occur yearly, contributing to approximately 99,000 deaths. Such infections were long accepted by clinicians as an inevitable hazard. Recent efforts demonstrate that simple measures can prevent the majority of common infections. Hospitals and providers must work to reduce the burden of these infections. Four specific infections account for more than 80 percent of all hospital-related infections. They are surgical site infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections, and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Preventing the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains an important infection control priority. Effective measures exist to prevent the most common healthcare-related infections. 

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