Reflectivity total

If, besides the quality-related measure, z, one also wishes to include operating costs, in the analysis, because quality loss functions express quality costs on a monetary basis, commensurate with operating costs, the final global performance metric, y, which reflects total manufacturing cost, is simply the sum of both quality and operating costs (Clausing, 1993),... 

One point should be raised that was not dealt with in the Lauranson and Lebreton (1991) paper. It would appear that the authors examined the concentration values of the individual flavonols at face value without considering likely or possible biosynthetic relationships. In particular, isorhamnetin is produced by 0-methylation of quercetin. Total quercetin produced would then be the sum of quercetin per se plus the amount of isorhamnetin present. This value, reflecting total 3, 4 -dioxygenated flavonols, would be the more accurate measure of allele frequency. 

ECF. Note that phosphorus is the major anion within the cells. Given this distribution, serum phosphate concentration does not accurately reflect total body phosphorus stores. Phosphorus is expressed in milligrams (mg) or millimoles (mmol), not as milliequivalents (mEq). Because phosphorus is the source of phosphate for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phospholipid synthesis, manifestations of phosphorus imbalance are variable. 

Isaksson, C., McLaughlin, P., Monaghan, P., and Andersson, S. 2007. Carotenoid pigmentation does not reflect total non-enzymatic antioxidant activity in plasma of adult and nestling great tits, Parus major. Fund. Ecol. 21 1123-1129. 

Biomarkers of atrazine exposure is a developing field (Lu et al. 1998) that merits additional research. For example, concentrations of atrazine in saliva of rats was significantly correlated with rat free atrazine plasma concentrations. About 26% of the atrazine in rats is bound to plasma proteins (and is unavailable for transport from blood to saliva) and is independent of plasma levels of atrazine. Salivary concentrations of atrazine reflect total plasma free atrazine concentration — in the 50 to 250 pg/L range — which may be of toxicological significance (Lu et al. 1998). 

A quantum yield was determined for acid generation based on the total absorbance of the film and the reflectivity from single crystal silicon at 254 nm. Total film absorbance at 254 nm is 0.185 which corresponds to 35% absorption by the film. Reflectivity at 254 nm is 0.66 (17) and so an additional 15% of the incident light is absorbed after reflection. Total absorption was taken to be 50% of incident dose. It should be noted that the resin absorption without sulfonium salt is 0.155 and thus constitutes about 84% of the total film absorbance with sulfonium salt. 

The normal range (i.e., before ECT) of pH values was 6.5 -8.7. A pH of less than 6 (at the anode) or more than 9 (at the cathode) reflected total cellular necrosis in those areas.90 To elucidate the possible complications that may arise during ECT in... 

As with DEHP, other oxidative metabolites of DiNP are probably the most abundant urinary metabolites [141]. Because DiNP is a complex mixture, MiNP may not reflect total exposure to all DiNP components. Thus, low molecular weight phthalates... 

This relue reflects total concentration the true relue for flee AHP may be nxch lower (see Box 13-1). 

This procedure measures the amount of free acid groups existing in fat/oil systems. It can reflect total acidity (acid value AV) or it can reflect the level of fatty acids that are free,... 

The topic of low-barrier hydrogen bonds (LBHBs) and the question of how they are involved in enzyme function has been discussed heavily in the literature recently. Hydrogen bonds between two bases of nearly matched proton affinity often exhibit strongly perturbed bond lengths and spectroscopic parameters it remains somewhat unclear exactly how the spectroscopic parameters reflect total energy or reactivity. In this study, we report H NMR chemical shift data and surveys of structural preferences for the well-studied 0-H---0 systems, and also for less studied, but biologically important N-H-0 systems, in particular the imidazole and imidazolium functionality. The H shifts also show interesting trends in comparison with O-H-O motifs, which will require further scrutiny. 

Figure 5 summarizes the low pressure end of water vapor adsorption isotherms obtained on quartz A. Bound water loss, above the surface condition resulting from 400° C. outgassing in vacuum, is indicated by displacement of the adsorption origin to reflect total water content (bound water plus adsorbed water) as a function of water vapor relative pressure. Vapor desorption curves show that... 

Figure 4. Total proteins secreted by callus from Tan-ginbozu rice seeds (Lane A), M202 rice seeds (Lane B), and M202 shoot (Lane C). 12.5% SDS-PAGE stained with Coomassie blue. Protein content reflects total protein secreted per g dry weight callus.

Do the analytical measurements reflect total chemical or separate sediment bound fi om dissolved compon its ... 

STAB steaiyltrimethylammonium bromide, IBAB tetrabutylammonium bromide, TR-XAFS total-reflection total-conveision-electron XAFS, SDS sodium dodecyisulfate. The reference for coordination number, c concentration, r, coordination distance, N coordination number, and [Pg.251]

A relationship between peroxide value and anisidine number that is used to measure the rancidity level of fats and oils. It is defined as (2 X PV) + AN. It reflects total oxidation to date. Considered an impurity. High levels of moisture in an oil can lead to deterioration in storage. Soap can be formed when moisture is present in the crude oil and reacts with the free fatty acids and a catalyst (alkali ion), or it can result from incomplete removal of soap from washed refined oil. 

ALP determined by usual biochemical panels reflects total serum concentrations and does not distinguish the source of the isoenzyme (i.e., liver, bone, or some other source). Clinicians must therefore rely on other markers of liver or other organ function or a more tissue-specific determination of ALP to assess the source of ALP. In normal individuals, ALP originates primarily from liver and bone. The bone isoenzyme is the marker of bone formation and is found in osteoblasts. 

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