Total internal reflection intrinsic

V. Hlady, R. A. VanWagenen, and J. D. Andrade, Total internal reflection intrinsic... 

Proteins containing amino acids like tryptophan and tyrosine which intrinsically fluoresce upon excitation in the ultraviolet range can be employed, hence, the name total internal reflection intrinsic fluorescence-TIRIF, or... 

VanWagenen, R. A., Rockhold, S., Andrade, J. D., Probing Protein Adsorption Total Internal Reflection Intrinsic Fluorescence , in Interfacia Phenomena and Applications, Cooper, S. L., Pappas, N. A. (eds.) New York Wiley, 1982, p. 351. 

Total internal reflection intrinsic fluorescence (TIRIF) spectroscopy and molecular graphics have been applied to study the adsorption behavior of two lysozymes on a set of three model surfaces. A recently devised TIRIF quantitation scheme was used to determine adsorption isotherms of both hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) and human milk lysozyme on the three model surfaces. This preliminary study suggests that the adsorption properties of the two lysozymes are significantly different, and that further comparative studies of the two lysozymes might prove to be beneficial in understanding how protein structure might influence adsorption properties. Molecular graphics was used to rationalize the adsorption results from TIRIF in terms of the proteins surface hydrophobic/hydrophillic character. 

Among the other spectroscopies, either in the direct or reflection mode, fluorescence spectroscopy may be mentioned. A promising variant is Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence spectroscopy (TIRF). The decay rate of an excited fluorescing probe is usually Interpreted in terms of the local fluidity and polarity. The technique has been used to estimate the extent of ordering inside adsorbed surfactant layers, but this is not an absolute method because a fluorescent probe has to be inserted, and such probes themselves affect the local fluidity. More rigorous are fluorescence experiments with molecules that possess such a probe as an intrinsic part of their structure, such as tryptophans in... 

Cavityless bistability employing self-phase modulation [3] nonlinear Fabry Perot bistability effect [14] intrinsic optical bistability [15] nonlinear optical switching near the total-internal reflection state [16], [17] bistability in guided wave geometry [18]. 

The use of infrared spectroscopy in the Earth and environmental sciences has been widespread for decades however, until development of the attenuated total reflectance (ATR) technique, the primary use was ex situ material characterization (Chen and Gardella, 1998 Tejedor-Tejedor et al., 1998 Degenhardt and McQuillan, 1999 Peak et al., 1999 Wijnja and Schulthess, 1999 Aral and Sparks, 2001 Kirwan et al., 2003). For the study of environmental systems, the strength of the ATR-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) technique lies in its intrinsic surface sensitivity. Spectra are collected only from absorptions of an evanescent wave with a maximum penetration depth of several micrometers from the internal reflection element into the solution phase (Harrick, 1967). This short optical path length allows one to overcome any absorption due to an aqueous phase associated with the sample while maintaining a high sensitivity to species at the mineral-water interface (McQuillan, 2001). Therefore, ATR—FTIR represents a technique capable of performing in situ spectroscopic studies in real time. 

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