Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer

NMR spectra were recorded using Bruker Biospin AV200 spectrometer (at 200 MHz for protons). Infrared spectra were recorded on a Bio-Rad FTS-40 attenuated total reflection Fourier transform IR (ATR-IR) using a horizontal ATR apparatus with a cadmium selenide crystal. Surface roughness was measured by an interferometerom-eter, which generates a 3D profile (Veeco WYKO NTllOO optical profiler). 

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for elemental analysis of plasma-deposited polymer films. The photoelectron spectrometer (Physical Electronics, Model 548) was used with an X-ray source of Mg Ka (1253.6 eV). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of plasma polymers deposited on the steel substrate were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer Model 1750 spectrophotometer using the attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique. The silane plasma-deposited steel sample was cut to match precisely the surface of the reflection element, which was a high refractive index KRS-5 crystal. 

Infrared-based techniques are used to identify molecules on the surface. IR radiation is used to excite vibrational modes in molecules in the gas phase or adsorbed on a surface. The transmitted or reflected IR spectrum can be analyzed in a spectrometer. Considerable improvement in the sensitivity can be achieved by use of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Attenuated total reflection (the ATR-FTIR method) inside a crystal (germanium) of high refractive index can be used to further enhance the surface sensitivity (using the evanescent field). 

Specialized techniques such as attenuated total reflection, polarized IR spectroscopy, etc. are also described by Amey and Chapman (1983). Another technique, which is potentially useful for lipid studies, is the combination of gas chromatography (GC) with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, so that the column effluents are analysed by an on-line spectrometer. GC/FT-IR is discussed in detail by Erikson (1979). 

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out in a Spectrum 100 FTIR Spectrometer Perkin Elmer (Japan). Spectra were recorded in range of 4000-550cm with 4cm resolution by using an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) technique [61]. 

To determine the surface chemical composihon, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) method was performed (Nicolet Avator 230). The FT-IR spectrum of the powder sample was obtained with an FT-IR spectrometer (Bruker Tensor 27). 

Infrared spectra were taken using a Nicolet Nexus 670 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer equipped with a single horizontal golden gate attenuated total reflectance fATR) cell. Spectra were recorded using a spectral width ranging from 600 to 4000 cm with 2 cm resolution and an accumulation of 20 scans. 

Infrared spectrometers also enable the use of accessories for more specific purposes, such as attenuated total reflectance (ATR) used, for example, to analyze aqueous solutions that are incompatible with the material of the commercial cell windows and diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), which enables in situ analyses to be performed. 

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