Acid value

For strong acids, values are large and pK values are negative, for example pA., for hydrochloric acid is -7. 

Fat or oil Solidification point, °C Specific gravity (15°C/15°C) Refractive index Acid value Saponification value Iodine value... 

Refractive index Acid value Saponification value Iodine value... 

Among the complexing agents that find use as titrating agents, ethylenediamine-A,A(A, A-tet-raacetic acid (acronym EDTA, and equation abbreviation, H4Y) is by far the more important, and it is used in the vast majority of complexometric titrations. The successive acid values of H4Y are pKi = 2.0, pisTj = 2.67, = 6.16, pTCt = 10.26 at 20°C and an ionic strength of 0.1. The fraction... 

The bottoms from the solvent recovery (or a2eotropic dehydration column) are fed to the foremns column where acetic acid, some acryflc acid, and final traces of water are removed overhead. The overhead mixture is sent to an acetic acid purification column where a technical grade of acetic acid suitable for ester manufacture is recovered as a by-product. The bottoms from the acetic acid recovery column are recycled to the reflux to the foremns column. The bottoms from the foremns column are fed to the product column where the glacial acryflc acid of commerce is taken overhead. Bottoms from the product column are stripped to recover acryflc acid values and the high boilers are burned. The principal losses of acryflc acid in this process are to the aqueous raffinate and to the aqueous layer from the dehydration column and to dimeri2ation of acryflc acid to 3-acryloxypropionic acid. If necessary, the product column bottoms stripper may include provision for a short-contact-time cracker to crack this dimer back to acryflc acid (60). 

The US. Pharmacopeia (USP XXII) or National Formula (NFXVII) (20) also provide a similar description however, the peroxide value is not defined (Table 9). These specifications are also given in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (HPE), pubhshed jointiy by the American Pharmaceutical Association and The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (21), which defines lecithins both from plants and eggs. The Merck Index (22) specifies a slightiy lower acid value. The Japanese Monograph (ISCI-II) (23) specifies a slightiy lower acetone-insoluble matter and a lower heavy-metal content. 

Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH). Not estabUshed foi acryhc acid value shown is the emergency response-planning guide-3 (ERPG-3) for exposure up to one hour without life-threatening effects. 

Fig. 2. Functional end groups and solution viscosity during polyester resin manufacture. Acid value is defined as the milligrams of KOH required to neutralize 1 g of polymer hydroxyl value is defined as the milligrams of acid equivalent required to neutralize 1 g of polymer. Solution viscosities are...

When the alcoholysis step is complete, the polybasic acid(s) and the balance of polyol, if any, are added. The batch is reheated and maintained at about 250°C to carry out the polycondensation step to the desired endpoint, usually a combination of the acid value and viscosity of the resin. 

The quahty of sulfonic acids produced as iatermediates on an iadustrial scale is important to detergent manufacturers. Parameters such as color, water, free oil (unsulfonated material), and acid value (actual sulfonic acid) are all factors that determine the quaUty of a sulfonic acid. The quaUty of the feedstock prior to sulfonation, such as iodine value, water content, and sulfonatabiUty, affects the quaUty of the sulfonic acid produced. Sulfonation conditions, such as temperature, molar ratio, rate, etc, also affect the quaUty of sulfonic acid. 

Octoates were the next drier development. Because these driers are produced from synthetic 2-ethylhexanoic acid, the chemical composition can be controlled and uniformity assured. Also, other synthetic acids, eg, isononanoic and neodecanoic, became available and are used for metal soap production. Compared to naphthenic acid, these synthetic acids have high acid values, are more uniform, lighter in color, and do not have its characteristic odor. It is also possible to produce metal soaps with much higher metal content by using synthetic acids. 

The method of preparation of buffer solutions with the certain acidity value from HMTA and HCl aqueous solutions is offered. It is recommended to use the equations ... 

The basic patent (US Patent 3256219) indicates that the system is viable with conventional resins although special grades have been developed that are said to be particularly suitable. One example in the patent recommends the use of a polyester prepared using a maleic acid, phthalic acid and propylene glycol ratio of 2 1 33 and with an acid value of 40. To 500g of such a resin are added 10g of benzoyl peroxide and 167 g of styrene. Water 600 g is then stirred in at 5-10°C until a white creamy water-in-oil emulsion is obtained. A solution of 0.8 g of dimethyl-p-toluidine in lOOg of styrene is stirred into the emulsion and the resin is cast between plates and cured at 50°C. 

The lac resin is associated with two lac dyes, lac wax and an odiferous substance, and these materials may be present to a variable extent in shellac. The resin itself appears to be a polycondensate of aldehydic and hydroxy acids either as lactides or inter-esters. The resin constituents can be placed into two groups, an ether-soluble fraction (25% of the total) with an acid value of 100 and molecular weight of about 550, and an insoluble fraction with an acid value of 55 and a molecular weight of about 2000. 

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