Face value

Example In tossing a die 12 times, what is the probability that each face value will occur exactly twice ... 

Some industrial applications involve the concept outlined here. The basic idea is to test whether or not a group of obseiwations follows a preconceived distribution. In the case cited, the distribution is uniform i.e., each face value should tend to occur with the same frequency. 

Similarly, the distinction between current and long-term liabihties is also not clear-cut. Current liabilities include accounts payable (money owed to creditors), taxes payable, dividends payable, etc., if due within a year. Long-term liabihties include deferred income taxes, bonds, notes, etc., that do not have to be paid within a year. The owners equity includes the par, or face, value of the capital received from stockholders and any retained earnings. The balance sheet shows only the nominal value and not the current or real value of this capital. 

Equity holders require a real return on their outlay, which they assume to be at the stock-market price if this differs from the face value of the stock, of 7 percent net of all taxes. Retained earnings attract a 40 percent capital gains tax hence the actual interest rate required on distribution forgone is 7/(1 — 0.40) = 11.67 percent. This is in real terms and at a time of 8 percent inflation rate must be increased in cash terms to (1 -I- 0.1167)(1.08) — 1 = 20.60 percent. 

Do be helpful to the auditee (don t argue but don t accept everything at face value). 

Nenn-weite,/. nominal width, -wert, m. nominal value face value par value, -wort, n. noun, substantive,... 

Thus, when selecting amines for specific boiler cycle applications, any and all information provided should not be taken at face value, but should be carefully reviewed for relevance, in order to make the right choice and to ensure that proposed cost-benefits are realizable. 

Enzyme Reference Serums. Several companies sell lyophilized or stabilized reference serums for the calibration of instruments and for quality control. The label values given for the enzymatic activity of these serums should never be taken at face value, as at times they may be quite erroneous (19,33). Also, these values should only be used for the assay with which they were standardized, as interconversion of activity from one method to another for the same enzyme may often lead to marked errors. For instance, it is not recommended that alkaline phosphatase expressed in Bodansky units be multiplied by a factor to convert it to the units of the Ring-Armstrong method, or any other method for that matter. 

One point should be raised that was not dealt with in the Lauranson and Lebreton (1991) paper. It would appear that the authors examined the concentration values of the individual flavonols at face value without considering likely or possible biosynthetic relationships. In particular, isorhamnetin is produced by 0-methylation of quercetin. Total quercetin produced would then be the sum of quercetin per se plus the amount of isorhamnetin present. This value, reflecting total 3, 4 -dioxygenated flavonols, would be the more accurate measure of allele frequency. 

At face value, the Ra evidence for fluid addition in the last few 1000 years appears inconsistent with the interpretation that U/Th disequilibria resulted from fluid addition 10-200 kyr ago and we now discuss some possible models for reconciling these disparate time scales. 

She takes my statement at face value. Of course. Still, it shouldn t be hard to sell. And then, like a satellite delay, what I haven t said reaches her, and she answers it with another hug of my shoulders. I m so sorry. But I m sure it s the right thing to do. You must say if I can help. ... 

And then I realize that she won t mind she ll take it at face value. How wonderful, to be able to say and hear things so simply ... 

Bonds are promissory notes that can be issued by corporations or governmental bodies. They are contracts in which the seller agrees to pay the owner the face value (called par value) of the bond at a certain date (maturity or due date) and a given amount of interest at various stated times. Bonds can be sold to individuals, but... 

In the next section each light nuclide is considered in turn, its post-BBN evolution briefly reviewed along with identification of a few of the potential challenges to accurately inferring the primordial abundances from the observational data. Then, having established that the current data - taken at face value - are not entirely consistent with SBBN, I investigate whether changes in the early universe expansion rate can reconcile them. 

The common monetary system prevailing in every land fostered trade and facilitated the exchange of products. Travelers never had to bother their heads about the currency of money any coin that passed in New York would pass for its face value in London, Paris, Berlin, Rome, Madrid, St. Petersburg, Constantinople, Cairo, Khartoum, Jerusalem, Peking, or Yeddo. It was indeed the Golden Age, and the world had never been so free from financial storms. (1900, 4-5)... 

Raeymaekers The data indicate that it is SERCA3 that fills the stores that are involved in the endothelium-dependent relaxation. At face value, the separate data indicate that this store could be connected to TRPC4. 

The following section is our attempt to cull the best performance materials for each of the three primary colors, red, green, and blue, from the published literature. As noted above, we base these selections on the reported data and make no attempt to critically evaluate the quality of the experimental study, taking it at face value. Although this may be less than ideal,... 

Although this example, at face value, looks to be a case of the use of the absorption of UV/visible radiation to determine the concentration of a single ionic species (the Cu2+ ion) in solution, and, therefore, the province of the previous chapter, it is, in fact, the quantification of a molecular absorption band. In a sulfate solution, the copper ion actually exists, not as a bare ion, but as the pentaquo species, in which the central copper ion is surrounded by five water molecules and a sulfate ion in an octahedral structure (Fig. 4.1). The color of the transition metal ions arises directly from the interaction between the outer d orbital electrons of the transition metal and the electric field created by the presence of these co-ordinating molecules (called ligands). Without the aquation... 

A study by Imanishi, Higashimura, and Okamura [79] with [TiCl4] (3 - 48) x 10"3 mole/l, and unspecified quantities of water as the putative co-catalyst showed that at -20°, -50°, and -78° the variation of DP with monomer concentration obeyed the Mayo relation in the form shown in equation (xvi). Their results are shown in Table 4. As they did not prove that the DP is unaffected by, for instance, variations in [TiCl4] or [H20], their derivation of kjkp from the slopes of the plots cannot be accepted at face value. However, the values of kjkp obtained from the intercepts are valid. 

As for values in solvents with intermediate D, (ca. 10-15) only a very few of the many claims to have obtained kp+ in such solvents can be taken at face value and their critical evaluation is beyond the scope of this article. Suffice it to say that the most credible values appear to lie in the range 104 to 106 1 mol"1 s"1 for chlorinated solvents of D ca. 10 and ca. 300 K. It is therefore much too early yet to discuss whether these kp values conform to any of the theoretical relations between the rate-constant of an ion-molecule reaction and some function of D such as that of Laidler and Landskroener [12] or Hiromi [13] (see also [14]). 

Taken at face value, a 5 nm implies some "expansion" of... 

The experiment was nonetheless instructive, and one could hardly ask human subjects to participate in a more rigorous test. Two facts stand out in addition to what has already been said (1) Substantial variation was observed among the nine individuals, and (2) this variation may have been due to differences in intestinal flora rather than to more direct differences in need. It should be pointed out, however, that differences in need based upon differences in intestinal flora may be real and just as exacting as if the differences had a different origin. Presumably differences in intestinal flora are due to the different "climates" which are distinctive for each individual (p. 149). If we take the experiments and the authors interpretation at face value, we are led to conclude that some individuals can get along with practically no thiamine in their dieta conclusion which certainly points toward high variability of needs. 

A thorough calibration and understanding of the operation of the olfactometer is needed before it is used with observers. Do not accept a purchased olfactometer at face value. 

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