Phosphorus imbalances

ECF. Note that phosphorus is the major anion within the cells. Given this distribution, serum phosphate concentration does not accurately reflect total body phosphorus stores. Phosphorus is expressed in milligrams (mg) or millimoles (mmol), not as milliequivalents (mEq). Because phosphorus is the source of phosphate for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phospholipid synthesis, manifestations of phosphorus imbalance are variable. 

Anemia and loss of bone density - Calcium and phosphorus imbalance Elevated serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen... 

Calcium-phosphorus imbalance. A great excess of either calcium or phosphorus interferes with the absorption of both minerals and the increased excretion of the lesser mineral. This is why a certain ratio between them in the diet is desirable. The Ca P ratio in U.S. diets has been estimated to be 1 1.5 to 1 1.6, while the most desirable ratio is thought to be 1.5 1 in infancy, decreasing to 1 1 at 1 year of age, and remaining at 1 1 throughout the rest of life although man can tolerate a much wider Ca P ratio—between 2 1 and 1 2. 

Calcium and phosphorus balance is mediated through the complex interplay of hormones and their effects on bone, the Gi tract, kidney, and parathyroid gland. What begins as relatively minor imbalances in phosphorus and calcium homeostasis leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) in the short term and ultimately renal osteodystrophy (ROD) if these metabolic abnormalities are not corrected. 

To summarize phosphorus chemical shifts depend on (a) the imbalance of the (T-bonds caused by electronegativity differences of substituent atoms and the effect of the lone pair of electrons, (b) the extent of occupation of the d orbitals and (c) deviations from geometrical symmetry. 

On a global scale and over relatively long time-scales, the total rate of N2 fixation is more or less in balance with total denitrification, so that the nitrogen cycle is mass-balanced. However, significant net deficits or excesses can be observed locally or even on ocean basin space scales and on decade to century timescales. These nitrogen imbalances may impact the global carbon and phosphorus cycles as well, including the net balance of CO2 between the ocean and the atmosphere. 

Phosphates—It has been estimated that the widespread use of phosphates as food additives may make the calcium to phosphorus ratio in the American diet as low as 1 4. This mineral imbalance may lead to poor absorption and utiliza-... 

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