Poly acids

Naphthoic acids CO in the nucleus oxo-acids, poly-acids. (1954.)... 

Polymer/Polymer Complexes. PVP complexes with other polymers capable of interacting by hydrogen-bonding, ion-dipole, or dispersion forces. For example mixing of PVP with poly(acryHc acid) (PAA) in aqueous solution results in immediate precipitation of an insoluble complex (113). Addition of base results in dismption of hydrogen bonding and dissolution (114—116). Complexes with a variety of poly-acids (117) and polyphenols (118) have been reported. The interest in compatibiHty on a molecular level, an interesting phenomenon rarely found to exist between dissimilar polymers, is favored by the abiHty of PVP to form polymer/polymer complexes. 

Thus, the dissociation equilibrium is affected by the ionic strength, temperature and dielectric constant of the solvent as well as by the parameter h (involved in AGf,). On the other hand, the term dG /dn does not depend on the degree of polymerization (except for very small values of n). The degree of polymerization does not affect, for example, the course of the potentiometric titration of a poly acid. 

For a dibasic poly acid, where, of the total of N units, nx are ionized to the first stage and n2 to the second stage, then simultaneously... 

Midforming [Middle-range distillate forming] A process for converting lower olefins to transport fuels. The catalyst is either a ZSM-5-type zeolite in which some of the aluminum has been replaced by iron, or a hetero-poly acid. Developed in the 1980s by the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India. To be piloted by Bharat Petrochemical Corporation, Bombay, and Davy Poweigas. 

Gamma radiolysis of simple carboxylic acids and N-acetyl amino acids results in loss of the carboxyl group with formation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. In the carboxylic acids, the ratio of C0/C02 produced is approximately 0.1, while in the N-acetyl amino acids the ratio is much smaller. In the poly carboxylic acids and poly amino acids, radiolysis also results in the loss of the carboxyl group, but here the ratio of C0/C02 is greater than 0.1. Incorporation of aromatic groups in the poly amino acids provides some protection for the carboxyl group. The degradation of the poly acids is believed to involve radical and excited state pathways. 

Table VII. G-values for carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide formed on radiolysis of poly acids at 303 K...

As with the aliphatic carboxylic acid model compounds, the major volatile product observed on gamma radiolysis of the poly acids is carbon dioxide. However, the carbon dioxide yields are somewhat larger than those observed for the model compounds. 

Carbon monoxide was also observed in significant yields for each of the poly acids and the ratio of G(C0)/G(C02) was found to be approximately three times greater than that found for the small molecule model compounds. This suggests that the processes involved in the formation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are both more efficient in the poly acids. 

For each of the poly carboxylic acids investigated, the sum of the yields of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is much larger than the yield of radical products. This observation differs from that noted for the model compounds, where the two were of similar magnitude. This suggests that excited state processes may play a more significant role in the degradation of the poly acids than they do in the small molecule, model compounds. 

Two stable radical intermediates are observed following gamma radiolysis at 303 K. The alpha carbon radical VIII and the side chain radical IX are formed in approximately equal yields, with the total G-value for radical production equal to 3.2. This value is similar to that observed for the poly acids. The observed radicals are those which would be expected on the basis of the aliphatic carboxylic acids and previous studies of the poly amino acids with aliphatic side chains. 

In the poly carboxylic acids, carbon dioxide is the major product of radiolysis, but the carbon monoxide yields are greater than they are for the aliphatic carboxylic acids. However, the radical yields are not greater than expected on the basis of the model compounds, which suggests that excited states play an important role in the degradation of these poly acids. 

The glyptals made from phthalic anhydride and glycerol were developed as compositions for use in paints and varnishes. If the reaction was carried out too long the product became intractible. But under milder conditions, other products could be obtained which could be used in making soluble products and then they could be set further after forming. It was learned that by modifying the reaction mixture with some monobasic acid to balance the hydroxyls and carboxyls in the reaction mixture, more soluble products could be obtained. Kienle of General Electric, was one of the early developers of these products. Later many other alkyd resins from other polyhydroxyl compounds and poly acids were produced for technical use. 

Polyacetylene, vibrational spectra, 42 196 Poly acids, defined, 41 117 Polyalkenamers,24 134,135 Polyamino acids, thermal, 20 374-377 catalysis by, 20 379... 

The aromatic acids, as you would suspect from the name, have a benzene ring connected directly to the carboxyl signature group. Dicarboxylic acids have carbo l, groups attached in two places. Monocarboxylic adds have only one, and of course, the poly acids have three or more.. ... 

PlumUo compounds (see lead). Plumbous compounds (see Lera). Poly acid alcohols, 270. 

Niobic acid possesses the ability to form complex poly-acids with other acids (for example, with tungstic and oxalic acids). There are by no means as many of these known as in the case of vanadic acid, as they have not hitherto received much attention. 

The Reimer reaction is useless with compounds like phloroglueinol, pyrogallol, naphthols, poly-acid phenols of naphthalene, etc. 

Jonassen, H. B., and Kirsehner, S. The Poly Acids, in Bailar and Busch s Chemistry of Coordination Compounds, 472-486, Reinhoid Publishing Co., New York (1956). 

Oppositely charged polyelectrolytes interact with each other to form polyelectrolyte complexes in solution, the possible combinations including strong poly-acids-strong polybases, strong polyadds-weak polybases, weak polyadds-strong polybases, weak polyadds-weak polybases, or polyampholytes. Consid-... 

Hydration to Orthophosphoric Acid.—The process of depolymerisa-tion of concentrated solutions of pyrophosphoric acid which has already been noted very likely consists in the hydration of the molecules of condensed or poly-acid. The further hydration, with formation of orthophosphoric acid, proceeds only slowly at low temperatures and in dilute solutions. A dilute aqueous solution was kept for six months without change.7 The velocity of the reaction has been followed by... 

Poly-cyanides and iso-cyanides Poly-hydroxy compounds or poly-acid alcohols Poly-aldehydes... 

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