Carboxylic acid poly

Infrared spectroscopy provides a convenient method for studying the deprotection kinetics of resist polymers. For example, the deprotection kinetics of some alicyclic polymer resist systems comprising (i) poly(methylpropyl bicyclo[2.2.1]-hept-5-ene-2-carboxylate-co-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid) (trivial name poly(carbo-t-butoxynorbomene-co-norbornene carboxylic acid) [poly(CBN-co-NBCA)] (I) and (ii) poly(methylpropyl bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylate-co-maleic anhydride) (trivial name poly(carbo-t-butoxynorbomene-co-maleic anhydride) [poly(CBN-aZr-MAH)] (11) and containing triphenylsulfonium... 

Keywords Carboxylic acids, poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid), fermentation technology, reactive extraction, polymerization... 

Polyelectrolytes may be polyacids, polybases, or polyampholytes. They dissociate into polyions and oppositely charged gegenions. Polyacids release protons on dissociation and become, then, polyanions. Poly(phosphoric acid), I, is an example of a polyacid with a dissociating group in the main chain examples of polyacids with the dissociating group as substituent to the main chain include poly(vinyl phosphonic acid), 11 poly(vinyl sulfuric acid), III poly(vinyl sulfonic acid), IV and poly(vinyl carboxylic acid) = poly-(acrylic acid), V, with the monomeric units... 

XPS AND FTIR STUDIES OF INTERACTIONS IN POLY(CARBOXYLIC ACID)/ POLY(VEVYLPYRIDINE) COMPLEXES... 

The curing (hardening) of epoxy compounds can be produced by (a) anhydrides of carboxylic acids [poly(carboxylic acid anhydrides)], (b) compounds with active hydrogen [polyamines, polyphenols, polyalcohols, poly(carboxylic acids), polythiols], or (c) catalysts such as Lewis acids or t-amines. These compounds, which are called curing agents, are used in quantities of up to 30-40 % by weight. 

Poly(carboxylic acid) Poly(acrylic acid salt)-co-(vinyl alcohol)-(M = 7300-12000). BOD measurements Optical density and analysis Activated sludge Pseudomonas sp. and Trichoderma sp. [106]... 

Poly(o-aminophenol) (PAP) Poly(aniline)-poly(vinylsulfonate) Poly(indole-5-carboxylic acid) Poly(phenosafranine)... 

Ester interchange reactions are valuable, since, say, methyl esters of di-carboxylic acids are often more soluble and easier to purify than the diacid itself. The methanol by-product is easily removed by evaporation. Poly (ethylene terephthalate) is an example of a polymer prepared by double application of reaction 4 in Table 5.3. The first stage of the reaction is conducted at temperatures below 200°C and involves the interchange of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol... 

In order to become useful dmg delivery devices, biodegradable polymers must be formable into desired shapes of appropriate size, have adequate dimensional stability and appropriate strength-loss characteristics, be completely biodegradable, and be sterilizahle (70). The polymers most often studied for biodegradable dmg delivery applications are carboxylic acid derivatives such as polyamides poly(a-hydroxy acids) such as poly(lactic acid) [26100-51-6] and poly(glycolic acid) [26124-68-5], cross-linked polyesters poly(orthoesters) poly anhydrides and poly(alkyl 2-cyanoacrylates). The relative stabiUty of hydrolytically labile linkages ia these polymers (70) is as follows ... 

Some materials such as water, alcohols, carboxylic acids and primary and secondary amines may be able to act simultaneously as proton donors and acceptors. Cellulose and poly(vinyl alcohol) are two polymers which also function in this way. 

Plasticizers can be classified according to their chemical nature. The most important classes of plasticizers used in rubber adhesives are phthalates, polymeric plasticizers, and esters. The group phthalate plasticizers constitutes the biggest and most widely used plasticizers. The linear alkyl phthalates impart improved low-temperature performance and have reduced volatility. Most of the polymeric plasticizers are saturated polyesters obtained by reaction of a diol with a dicarboxylic acid. The most common diols are propanediol, 1,3- and 1,4-butanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol. Adipic, phthalic and sebacic acids are common carboxylic acids used in the manufacture of polymeric plasticizers. Some poly-hydroxybutyrates are used in rubber adhesive formulations. Both the molecular weight and the chemical nature determine the performance of the polymeric plasticizers. Increasing the molecular weight reduces the volatility of the plasticizer but reduces the plasticizing efficiency and low-temperature properties. Typical esters used as plasticizers are n-butyl acetate and cellulose acetobutyrate. 

Shimidzu etal.111 studied the catalytic activity of poly (4(5)-vinylimidazole-co-acrylic add) 60 (PVIm AA) in hydrolyses of 3-acetoxy-N-trimethylanilinium iodide 61 (ANTI) and p-nitrophenylacetate 44 (PNPA). The hydrolyses of ANTI followed the Michaelis-Menten-type kinetics, and that of PNPA followed the second-order kinetics. Substrate-binding with the copolymer was strongest at an imidazole content of 30 mol%. The authors concluded that the carboxylic acid moiety not... 

Ebdon and coworkers22 "232 have reported telechelic synthesis by a process that involves copolymerizing butadiene or acetylene derivatives to form polymers with internal unsaturation. Ozonolysis of these polymers yields di-end functional polymers. The a,o>dicarboxy1ic acid telechelic was prepared from poly(S-s tot-B) (Scheme 7.19). Precautions were necessary to stop degradation of the PS chains during ozonolysis. 28 The presence of pendant carboxylic acid groups, formed by ozonolysis of 1,2-diene units, was not reported. 

Caglioti et al.201 suggested a mechanism for the action of hexachlorocydotriphos-photriazene in the polyesterification of carboxylic acids with phenols. Higashi291 catalyzed the reaction of various aromatic acids and alcohols by poly(ethyl phosphate). Both Caglioti201 and Higashi291 studied the influence of tertiary amines on the reactivity. 

Aqueous, removable, pressure-sensitive adhesive compositions, useful for high-performance applications, comprise a mixture of a copolymer of alkyl (meth)acrylate and N-substituted (poly)amide of (meth)acrylic acid and a copolymer of alkyl (meth)acrylate and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid, where at least one of the copolymers is an emulsion copolymer. Polyoxyalkyl-enes and phosphate esters may be used as surfactants [234]. 

Surfactants which contain carboxylic acid ester or amide chains with terminal phosphonic acid groups are prepared from polyhydroxystearic acid or poly-caprolactone. Such reaction products are useful as dispersants, emulsifiers, and, in some cases, bactericides, disinfectants, and antiseptics see Sec. III.C.9 [69]. 

Figure 3. Cyclic voltammograms of 3-methylpyrrole-4-carboxylic acid in acetonitrile + 0.1 MEt4NC104.58 (Reprinted from P. G. Pickup, Poly-(3-methylpyrrole-4-carbox-ylic acid) An electronically conducting ion-exchange polymer, J. Electroanal. Chem. 225, 273-280, 1987, with kind permission from Elsevier Sciences S.A.)...

Heller, J., Ng, S. Y., and Penhale, D. W. H., Preparation of poly(carboxy-ortho esters) by the reaction of diketene acetals and carboxylic acids. In Preparation. 

Perhaps the most interesting finding of our synthetic studies was that the interfacial preparation of poly(iminocarbonates) is possible in spite of the pronounced hydrolytic instability of the cyanate moiety (see Illustrative Procedure 3). Hydrolysis of the chemically reactive monomer is usually a highly undesirable side reaction during interfacial polymerizations. During the preparation of nylons, for example, the hydrolysis of the acid chloride component to an inert carboxylic acid represents a wasteful loss. 

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