Poly styrene sulfonic acid

Sample Polyanillne/Poly(styrene sulfonic acid)... 

In the sol-gel procedure for the preparation of hybrids, polymeric acid catalysts such as poly (styrene sulfonic acid) were also used instead of hydrogen chloride [14]. The polymeric acid catalyst was effective for the preparation of hybrids at a similar level to that of hydrogen chloride catalyst. In some cases, the increased modulus was observed due to the higher extent of reaction. No difference was observed in morphologies between the hybrids prepared with polymeric and small molecule acid catalysts. The method using polymeric acid catalyst may depress the ion-conductive property, characteristic to the mobile acidic small molecules. Polymeric catalyst may also influence the rheology of the resulting hybrids. 

Poly (styrene sulfonic acid) grafts have also been attached to poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ET-FE) 8,29 poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as shown in Figure 7. These materials were synthesized... 

Spontaneous polymerization of 4-vinyl pyridine in the presence of polyacids was one of the earliest cases of template polymerization studied. Vinyl pyridine polymerizes without an additional initiator in the presence of both low molecular weight acids and polyacids such as poly(acrylic acid), poly(methacrylic acid), polyCvinyl phosphonic acid), or poly(styrene sulfonic acid). The polyacids, in comparison with low molecular weight acids, support much higher initial rates of polymerization and lead to different kinetic equations. The authors suggested that the reaction was initiated by zwitterions. The chain reaction mechanism includes anion addition to activated double bonds of quaternary salt molecules of 4-vinylpyridine, then propagation in the activated center, and termination of the growing center by protonization. The proposed structure of the product, obtained in the case of poly(acrylic acid), used as a template is ... 

Rhenium(I) tricarbonyl-2,2 -bipyridine moieties were used to cap both ends of a poly fluorine, yielding Re-capped Re(bpy)(CO)3(py)-X-(py)(CO)3(bpy)Re 2+ polymers, where X = polyfluorene [51, 52], The polymers with and without the Re caps were spin-coated from their solutions in CH2C12 onto an ITO surface previously modified with a layer of poly(styrene sulfonic acid), doped with poly(ethylenedioxythiophene). The LED (light-emitting device) was then topped with a layer of Ca/Al. The photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence seen were consistent with the presence of [Re(bpy)(CO)3(py)]+ [158],... 

Figure 5.2.7 Kinetics of liquid phase oligomerization of isobutylene catalyzed by poly(styrene-sulfonic acid) at 20°C in hexane solvent, (a) Corresponds to high initial concentration of isobutylene, (b) Corresponds to low initial concentration of isobutylene. [Figures from W. O. Haag, Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Sen, 63 (1967) 140. Reproduced with permission of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Copyright 1967 AIChE. All rights reserved.]...

Figure 4. Voltammograms of the complex of poly(xylylviologen) with poly(styrene sulfonic acid) coated on electrode. 0.2 M KCl aqueous solution containing 2 mM...

Figure 6. Effect of the thickness of the coated polymer film on the currents ii and h infinite values. Key O, electrode coated with poly(xylylviologen) (5) A, electrode coated with the 5 complex of poly (styrene sulfonic acid) , electrode coated with the 5 complex of poly( glutamic acid), 0.2 M NaClO aqueous solution containing 2 mM KsFe(CN)6.

Figure 5.26 Relationship of Pa50 to the concentration of 1 1 mixed salt solutions of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride using anion exchange membranes with and without anionic polyelectrolyte layers. (O) without the layer ( ) immersed in 1000ppm poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (reduced viscosity of 1.0% solution, r sp/C 0.714 dlg ) solution (X) with 1000ppm polycondensation product of sodium naphthalene sulfonate and formaldehyde (MW ca. 1000) solution. After an anion exchange membrane (NEOSEPTA AM-1 strongly basic anion exchange) had been immersed in the anionic polyelectrolyte solution for 17 h at 25.0 °C, 1 1 mixed salt solutions of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride were electrodialyzed for 60 min at 25.0 °C under vigorous agitation.

Zheng-Tao Zhu, Jeffrey T. Mabeck, Changcheng Zhu, Nathaniel C. Cady, Carl A. Batt, and George G. Malharas. A simple poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythio-phene)/poly (styrene sulfonic acid) transistor for glucose sensing at neutral pH. Chemical Communications, (13) 1556-1557, 2004. 

F.-J. Liu, L.-M. Huang, T.-C. Wen, A. Gopalan, and J.-S. Hung, Interfacial synthesis of platinum loaded polyaniline nanowires in poly(styrene sulfonic acid). Mater. Lett., 61,4400 4405 (2007). 

L. M. Huang, W. R. Tang, and T.C. Wen, Spatially electrodeposited platinum in polyaniline doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid) for methanol oxidation, J. Power Sources, 164, 519-526 (2007). 

F.J. Liu, L.M. Huang, T.C. Wen, C.F. Li, S.L. Huang, and A. Gopalan, Effect of deposition sequence of platinum and ruthenium particles into nanofibrous network of polyaniline-poly (styrene sulfonic acid) on electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol, Synth. Met., 158, 603-609 (2008). 

Moreover, Shi and his group reported electrochemical deposition of PPy microcontainers onto soap bubbles associated with O2 gas released from the electrolysis of H2O in an aqueous solution of /3-naphthalenesulfonic acid (/3-NSA), camphorsulfonic acid (CSA), or poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA), which act both the surfactant and dopant [79-81]. Morphologies such as bowls, cups, and bottles could be controlled by electrochemical conditions (Figure 11.6). However, the microcontainers were randomly located on the electrode surface, which limited further applications, Shi and coworkers reported a linear arrangement of PPy microcontainers by self-assembly with gas bubbles acting as templates on a silicon electrode surface patterned by photolithography [82]. They found that capillary interactions between the gas bubbles and the polymer photoresist walls led the microcontainers to be arranged linearly. 

Photovoltaic devices based on DCM-doped PPV have been fabricated. DCM absorbs light at a longer wavelength than PPV. Glass plates with ITO are used as substrates. An interfacial layer of PEDOT doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid) is used, and then the DCM-doped PPV is applied. Eventually, aluminum electrodes are deposited by vacuum evaporation. 

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