Poly-Z-lactic acid

In the case of 5C/-PHAs, the monomers consist of three to five carbon atoms, and mainly constitute R-configured chiral 3-hydroxyalkanoates. jcZ-PHAs mainly feature properties of classical thermoplasts hence, on the market, they compete with poly(ethylene) (PE) or poly(propylene) (PP), and, to a certain extent, also with bio-based poly(Z,-lactic acid). The strain Cupriavidus necator, a member of the Burkholderiaceae family, can be regarded as the best investigated bacterial jcZ-PHA producer. 

Porous Lamellar Poly (Z-Lactic Acid) Scaffolds Made by Conventional Injection Molding Process... 

Moon, S. Jin, F. Lee, C.-J. Tsutsumi, S. Hyon, S.-H. Novel carbon nanotube/ poly(Z-lactic acid) nanocomposites their modulus, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity. Macromol. Symp. 2005, 224, 237-295. 

Figure 25. A-D Immunofluorescence staining of vmculrn in vascular smooth muscle cells on day 3 after seeding on polymeric surfaces (medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum). A poly(DL-lactic acid), PDLLA B block copolymer of poly(DL-lactic acid) and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO), PDLLA-6-PEO C, E PDLLA-6-PEO with 5% GRGDSG-PEO-6-PDLLA D, F PDLLA-6-PEO with 20% GRGDSG-PEO-6-PDLLA. E, F Immunoperoxidase staining of bromodeoxyuridine (arrows) incorporated into DNA newly synthesized in vascular smooth muscle cells cultured for 3 days in serum-free medium on PDLLA-Z)-PEO with 5% (E) or 20% (F) GRGDSG-PEO-6-PDLLA. Cells counterstained with light green. Bar=100 pm [41].

Ma, Z.W. et al.. Protein immobilization on the surface of poly-L-lactic acid films for improvement of cellular interactions, Eur. Polym. J., 38, 2279, 2002. 

O. Karal-Yilmaz, N. Kayaman-Apohan, Z. Misirli, K. Baysal, B.M. Baysal, Synthesis and characterization of poly(L-lactic acid-co-ethylene oxide-co-aspartic acid) and its interaction with cells, J. Mater. Sd. Mater. Med. 17 (2006) 213-227. 

Ma, Z., Gao, C., Gong, Y, Ji, J., and Shen, J. 2002. Immobilization of natural macromolecules on poly-L-lactic acid membrane surface in order to improve its cytocompatibility. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 63 838-846. 

Y.H. Gong, Y.B. Zhu, Y.X. Liu, Z.W. Ma, C.Y. Gao, J.C. Shen, Layer-by-layer assembly of chondroitin sulfate and collagen on aminolyzed Poly(L-lactic acid) porous scaffolds to enhance their chondrogenesis, Acta Biomaterialia 3 (5) (2007) 677-685. 

Equilibrium of poly(lactic acid-b-ethylene glycol-Z)-lactic acid) in CO2/DCM... 

Table 3 Coexistence data (cloud points) of poly(lactic acid-Z)-ethylene glycol-Z)-lactic acid) (15 wt% PEG, Afw(PLA-block)/(g/mol) = 50000) in carbon dioxide (CO2) and dichloromethane (CH2CI2) [2010JIA1]. ...

On the other hand, as reported by Vert and coworkers, in the cases of PDLLA [96], PLLA [23, 28], poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (poly(L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (P(LLA-co-GA))) [123], P(DLLA-co-GA) [123], PDLLA-Z -PEO [198], and PLLA-Z -PEO-Z -PLLA [205], NHD proceeds via... 

The hydrophilicity of the polymer is increased by introducing theses carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, which can theoretically lead to better cell adhesion during seeding. Such as, Nam et al. [42] reported that the surface modification of PLGA and poly (D,Z,-lactic acid) in the NaOH solution could moderate the surface of the polymers and promote the adhesion of hepatocytes. Gao et al. [44] stated that the surface hydrolysis of PGA meshes in the NaOH solution could increase the attachment ability of vascular smooth muscle cells. However, strong alkali treatment is accompanied with extended bulk degradation of the polyester, and... 

Liu Z, Jiao Y, Zhang Z, Zhou C. Surface modification of poly(l-lactic acid) by entrapment of chitosan and its derivatives to promote osteoblasts-Uke compatibility. J Biomed Mater Res 2007 83 A 1110. 

Ding Z, Chen J, Gao S, Chang J, Kang ET. Immobilization of chitosan onto poly-l-lactic acid fihn surface by plasma graft polymerization to control the morphology of fibroblast... 

Zhang, J., Li, Y., Li, J., Zhao, Z., Liu, X., Zhang, Y., et al. (2014). Generation of biofunctional biodegradable electrospun nanofibers composed of poly(L-lactic acid) wool isoelectric precipitate. Textile Research Journal, 84(A), 355—367. 

Zhou, Z., Zhou, J., Yi, Q., Liu, L., Zhao, Y., Nie, H., et al., 2010. Biological evaluation of poly-L-lactic acid composite contaming bioactive glass. Polym. Bull. 65, 411—423. 

Nishino T, Hirao K and Kotera M (2006) X-ray diffraction studies on stress transfer of keuaf reinforced poly(L-lactic acid) compoate, Composites Part A 37 2269-2273. You L H, You X Y and Zheng Z Y (2006) Thermomechanical analysis of elastic-plastic fibrous composites comprising an inhomogeneous interphase, Comput Mater Sci 36 440-450. 

Zhou, Z. R, Huang, G. Q., Xu, W. B., and Ren, F. M. 2(X)7. Chain extension and branching of poly(l-lactic acid) produced by reaction with a DGEBA-based epoxy resin. Express Polymer Letters 1 734—739. 

YUJ Yu, J., Tang, C., Guan, Y., Yao, S., and Zhu, Z., Sorption and diffusion behavior of carbon dioxide into poly(L-lactic acid) films at elevated pressures. Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 21, 1296, 2013. 

Li, R., Chen, L., Fu, J., Liu, Z., Wang, S., Pan, Y., 2015a. Promoting peripheral nerve regeneration with biodegradable poly (DL-lactic acid) films. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol. 8,8057-8065. 

Liu, Q., Tian, S., Zhao, C., Chen, X., Lei, L, Wang, Z., Ma, PX., 2015b. Porous nanofibrous poly(l-lactic acid) scaffolds supporting cardiovascular progenitor cells for cardiac tissue engineering. Acta Biomater. 26, 105-114. 

Fig. 9.59 Plot of temperature of maximum spherulite growth rate, Tmax, against equilibrium melting temperature. I m, for indicated polymers. (1) isotactic poly(styrene) (a) (2) poly(tetramethyl-p-silphenylene siloxane) (b) (3) poly(cis-isoprene) (c) (4) poly(caproamide) (d,e) (5) poly(L-lactic acid) (f) (6) poly(phenylene sulfide) (g,h) (7) poly(R-epichlorohydrin), poly(S-epichlorohydrin), poly(I-RS-epichlorohydrin) (i) (8) poly(ethylene terephthalate) (j,k,l) (9) poly(aryl ether ether ketone) (m,n) (10) poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate) (n) (11) poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (o) (12) isotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (q) (13) poly(dioxolane) (r) (14) New TPI poly(imide) (s) (15) poly(methylene oxide) (t) (16) poly(cis-butadiene) (u) (17) poly(propylene oxide) (v,w) (18) poly(imide) BPDA - - 134 APB (x) (19) poly(imide) BPDA - -C12 (x) (20) syndiotactic poly(propylene) (y) (21) poly(3-hydroxy valerate) (z) (22) poly(ethylene succinate) (aa) (23) poly(aryl ether ketone ketone) (bb) (24) poly(phenylene ether ether sulfide) (cc) (25) poly(tetramethylene isophtha-late) (dd) (26) poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (e,ee) (27) poly(tetrachloro-bis-phenol-A adipate) (fQ nylon 6-10 (ee).

Liu, L. S., Finkenstadt, V. L., Liu, C.-K., Jin, T. Z., Fishman, M. L., Hicks, K. B. 2007a.. Preparation of Poly(Lactic acid) and Pectin Composite Films for Application in Antimicrobial Packaging. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, in press. 

RAFT polymerization has been used to prepare poly(ethylene oxide)-/ /oejfc-PS from commercially available hydroxy end-functional poly(ethylene oxide Other block copolymers that have been prepared using similar strategies include poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-i >/oc -poly(S-Cf>lVIAH), poly(ethylene oxide)-/ /oc)t-poly(MMA), poly(ethylene oxide)-i/ocit-poly(N-viiiyl formamide)/ poly(ethylene oxide)-Z>/oc/ -poly(NlPAM), poly(ethylene otL < F)-bIock-poly(l,l,2,2-tetrahydropertluorodecyl acrylate), poly(lactic acid)-i/ocA-poly(MMA) and poly(lactic acid)- )/ .-A -poly(NlPAM). ... 

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has also been added to poly(SA) via melt polycondensation to produce the triblock copolymers poly(lactic acid-Z)/ock-sebacic acid-Z)/ock-lactic acid) (P(LA-Z)/ock-SA-6/ock-LA)) by Slivniak and Domb (2002). The PLA (d-, l-, and dl-) was incorporated by acetylation and addition to the PSA synthesis. They showed the formation of stable stereocomplexed particles with increased melting points and reduced solubility, and studied the degradation and drug release characteristics of the same (Slivniak and Domb, 2002). The stereocomplexes self-assemble as a consequence of the chirality in the PLA portions of the chains (Slivniak and Domb, 2002). 

WAN 01] Wang H., Sun X.Z., See P., Strengthening blends of poly(lactic acid) and starch with methylenediphenyl diisocyanate , Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 82, no. 7, pp. 1761-1767,2001. 

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