Alcohols poly

Organic polyesters, obtained either from a diacid and a mono-alcohoi, or from poly-alcohols and a monoacid, or from di-alcohols and a diacid. This class represented 29% of the synthetic base market in France in 1992. 

The term epoxy is familiar to nonchemists because of the widespread use of epoxy glues and resins. These are crosslinked polyether thermoplastics made from a liquid resin which is typically a mixture of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (70) and a polymer (71 Scheme 86). The liquid resin is cured or hardened to the final resin by mixing with a crosslinking reagent, which can be an acid, a di- or poly-alcohol, or a di- or poly-amine (Scheme 86). 

Polyether. A polymer in which the repeating unit includes a carbon-oxygen bond derived from aldehydes, epoxides, poly alcohols or similar materials (Refs 1 4a). 

There are over 400 different commercial alkyd resin formulations based on phthalic anhydride used in the coatings business. Alkyd resins for paints are made by reacting phthalic anhydride with a poly-alcohol (usually from naturally occurring sources rather than synthetic) that contains unreacted double bonds. The paint dries by the resin crosslinking through reaction of the double bonds under the influence of oxygen in the air. 

Generally, trialkylboranes are useful intermediates in the field of organic synthesis with versatile reactivity. The polymers prepared by polyaddition between diene monomers and thexylborane are polymer homologues of trialkylboranes, which can be converted to poly(alcohol)s, poly(ketone)s, and other polymers having some functional groups (scheme 4).8-12... 

The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, followed by oxidative treatment with H202/Na0H to give the corresponding segmented block poly(alcohol). 

A low molecular weight hydroxyallyl modified telechelic PIB was used as poly(alcohol) for the synthesis of the composites. Several procedures for the synthesis have been described involving two steps and as well as single step. The synthesis is schematically shown in Figure 6.5. 

Recently, gold has emerged as one of the most active catalysts for alcohol oxidation and is especially selective for poly alcohols. In 2005, Corma [184] and Tsu-kuda [185], independently demonstrated the potential of gold nanoparticles for the oxidation of aliphatic alcohols. For example, in the case of gold nanoparticles deposited on nanocrystalline cerium oxide [184], a TOF of 12 500 h 1 was obtained for the conversion of 1-phenylethanol into acetophenone at 160 °C (Fig. 4.67). Moreover this catalyst is fully recyclable. Another example of a gold catalyst with exceptional activity is a 2.5% Au-2.5% Pd/Ti02 as catalyst [186]. In this case for 1-octanol a TOF of 2000 h-1 was observed at 160 °C (reaction without solvent, Fig. 4.67). 

The Recherches Chimiques (Ref4) patented smokeless proplnts prepd in the usual manner and made cool-burning by surface-coating the dried grains with 4-24% of the nitrates of poly= alcohols, such as DEGN, TEGN, 2-hydroxy-methyl-2-methyl-l,3 propanedial or diethanolamine nitrate... 

Synthesis from Poly-alcohols.—We come, now, to that group of mono-saccharoses, the hexose mono-saccharoses, which contains the most important simple sugars which are known, viz., glucose and fructose. The hexoses may be prepared, synthetically, by oxidizing the hexa-hydroxy alcohols, e.g. mannitol, dulcitol, sorbitol, etc. (p. 219). 

Aromatic Glycols.—As we have poly-phenols which contain more than one hydroxyl group in the ring so we may have poly-alcohols containing side chains in which more than one hydroxyl group is present. Those with two hydroxyl groups will be phenyl derivatives of the glycols the di-hydroxy aliphatic alcohols. 

The reaction of mono- and poly-alcohols catalyzed by solid acids has been widely investigated. An important application is the synthesis of five membered cyclic ethers starting from di- or triols. Several authors described such cyclisation reactions, starting from 1,2,4-butanetriol (clay) [1], 1,2,5-pentatriol (pentasile, mordenite, erionite) [2]. Linear ethers like dimethyl ether are formed from methanol (modified aluminosilicate, zeolites) [3,4] or MTBE from methanol and i-butene (zeolite, resin) [5,6] The yields of the desired products are often quite high, e g over 90 % in the case of 1,2,4-butanetriol to 3-hydroxy-tetrahydrofiiran and about 60 % in the case of dimethyl ether. The reactions are either carried out in the presence of water as slurry process [1,2] at 150 - 200 °C or at temperatures > 300 °C in the gas phase with a fixed bed catalyst [2-4]... 

Polyurethane foams are generally made using a poly-alcohol rather than a diol as the monomer so that the polymer has a high amount of three-dimensional cross-linking. The result is a rigid but very light foam suitable for use as thermal insulation in building construction and in portable ice chests. 

I. J. Goldstein, J. K. Hamilton, and F. Smith, Reduction of the products of periodate oxidation of carbohydrates. X. Methylation studies on amylopectin poly-alcohol, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 81 (1959) 6252-6254. 

---