Poly succinic acid

The linear polymers and copolymers prepared by this approach were spin-coated onto various vinyl-silanized silica materials and subsequently cross-linked employing azobis-/-butyronitrile (AIBN) to yield a poly(succinic acid)-derivatized support (Figure 2). 

Poly(succinic acid-1,4-butandiol)-co-(succinic acid-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol) Brittle after 4 w [100]... 

Convincing evidence for a surface erosion process is shown in Fig. 8, which shows the concomitant release of the incorporated marker, methylene blue, release of the anhydride excipient hydrolysis product, succinic acid, and total weight loss of the device. According to these data, the release of an incorporated drug from an anhydride-catalyzed erosion of poly (ortho esters) can be unambiguously described by a polymer surface erosion mechanism. 

A third example combines cationic ROP and ATRP for the synthesis of (polytetrahydrofurane)(poly-l,3-dioxepane)(PS) miktoarm stars (Scheme 99). The initiating sites for the above polymerization were created step-by-step from amino-succinic acid (Scheme 99). 

Bionolle is an aliphatic polyester as shown in Fig. 2. We have two grades for Bionolle poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene succinate/adipate) (PBSA), the copolymer of 1,4-butandiol and succinic acid/adipic acid. We call PBS the 1000 series, and PBSA the 3000 series. PBSA with higher adipic acid content is the 5000 series. 

Table 2. Relationship between absolute configuration of the asymmetric carbon atoms present in the initiator or catalyst and absolute configuration of the asymmetric carbon atom of the methyl (or phenyl) succinic acid obtained by ozonolysis of poly-methyl-sorbate, poly-butyl-sorbate,... 

By polymerizing methylsorbate in the presence of catalysts obtained from optically active compounds containing (1R, 3R, 4S)-l-methyl-4-isopropyl-cyclohex-3-yl group, the methyl succinic acid formed by oxidation has the absolute structure (XV) thus in the polymer the tertiary carbon atoms bound to the methyl group have the absolute configuration (R) (XVI). The same steric correlation has been found in the case poly-styrylacrylic esters. 

Glyco-coated dendrimers possess a core structure of varied chemical nature, with a number of peripheral groups to which carbohydrate moieties are attached. The most common core structures are based on polyaminoamides (PAMAM) or poly(propyleneimine) (Astramol ) with a primary amine at the periphery, and these are commercially available. Polyamides based on N,N-bis(3-aminopropyl)glycine and A,Ar-bis(3-aminopropyl)succinic acid have also been prepared.78... 

J.W. Rhim, C.K. Yeom, S.W. Kim, Modification of poly (vinyl alcohol) membranes using sulfur-succinic acid and its application to pervaporation separation of water/alcohol mixtures, J. Appl. Polym. 

Recently, a,co-bis-hydroxy-terminated poly(l,3-propylene succinate) has been chain-extended to yield high molecular weight poly(ester-carbonates) [44] using a bischloroformate route. Thus, using a molar ratio of 1,3-propanediol to succinic acid of 1.02, an oligomer having Mn of 2,200 and Mw of 3,000 was ob-... 

Keywords. Monomers from renewable resources, Polymers from renewable resources, 1,3-Propanediol, Succinic acid, Lactones, Cyclohexanedimethanol, Polyethyleneglycol, Chain-extension, Poly(ester-urethane)s, Poly(ester-carbonate)s... 

PrOH 1,3-propanediol SA succinic acid CHDM 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol PEG poly(ethylene glycol)... 

Carnahan, M. A., and Grinstaff, M. W. 2001. Synthesis and characterization of poly(glycerol-succinic acid) dendrimers. Macromolecules, 34,7648-7655. 

Precursors prepared by the cationic living method and mostly poly(THF) precursors were also proposed. In this way, from poly(THF) containing peroxide or azo groups prepared by reaction with either alkali salt of succinic acid peroxide [45], LiOOCH2Br [46] or a,a -diacid chloride [47], they lead to interesting block copolymers. 

ALP alkaline phosphatase, Cht chitosan, DPM direct polymer melt, HDMECs human dermal microvascular endothelial cells, HUVECs human umbilical vein endothelial cells, MSCs mesenchymal stem cells, nHA nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite, PBS poly(butylene succinate), PCL poly(e-caprolactone), PGA poly (glycolic acid), PLA Poly(lactic acid), PLGA poIy(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLCL poly(L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone)... 

Fig. 6 Comparison of weight loss and the amoimt of monomeric hydrolysis products, i.e. 1,4-butanedion and succinic acid, resulting from the hydrolysis of poly(butylene succinate) shows further hydrolysis of oligomeric hydrolysis products. Reprinted from [131] with permission of Elsevier. Elsevier (2004)...

Enzymatic hydrolysis of PBS and poly(butylene succinate-co-lactate) (PBSL) by hpase Pseudomonas cepacia gave 4-hydroxybutyl succinate as the main hydrolysis product with traces of succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol as well as lactic acid in the case of PBSL [135]. hi addition, the hydrolysis rate of the carboxyl end-capped PBS was much slower than that of the original or hydroxyl end-capped PBS indicating preferential exo-type chain scission from the carboxyl terminus. Poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene sebacate) and... 

Arylene-bis-(pyrrole dicarboxylic acid anhydrides) were prepared by the condensation of two moles of diethyl diacetyl succinate with one mole of aromatic diamine, followed by hydrolysis and dehydration. Condensation of these novel dianhydrides with various aromatic diamines resulted in the formation of poly (amic acids) which were further condensed to polyimides. If the diethyl diacetyl succinate and aromatic diamine were reacted in equimolar quantities an N-(amino aryl) pyrrole diester was formed which can be further condensed to give polyimide directly. 

The phase separation of reactants hindered attempts to carry out lipase-catalyzed synthesis of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) from succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol via dehydration. Therefore, in order to obtain a monophasic reaction mixture, dimethyl succinate was used in place of succinic acid. [49] The reaction mixture remained monophasic during the reaction course, and after 21 h at 95 °C PBS with M of 38000 was obtained. 

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