Poly-D,L-lactic acid

Broz, M.E., VanderHart, D.L. and Washburn, N.R. 2003. Structure and mechanical properties of poly(d,l-lactic acid)/poly(e-caprolactone) blends. Biomaterials 24 4181-4190. 

Bicontinuous Controlled-Release Matrices Composed of Poly(D,L-lactic acid) Blended with Ethylene—Vinyl Acetate Copolymer... 

Barry, J. J., Ph.D Thesis, Evaluation and Characterization of the Degradation and Silver Release From a Poly (d,l- Lactic Acid) - Silver Matrix, Department of Chemistry, University of Lowell, 1988, Bl-1,92. 

Watanabe J, Ishihara K (2003) Phosphorylcholine and Poly(D, L-lactic acid) containing copolymers as substrates for cell adhesion. Artif Organs 27 242-248... 

Poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) nanospheres containing testosterone, with a particle size of 450 nm, were first produced by Vanderhoff et al. [83]. Microfluidization produced spherical particles of less than 200 nm with a narrow size distribution [84]. Krause et al. [85] produced PLA nanoparticles of 500 nm using sonication. The polymer and drug, triamcinolone acetonide, were dissolved in chloroform and emulsified, with sonication, for 45 minutes at 15 °C in a gelatin solution. The solvent was evaporated by heating to 40 °C for 45 minutes under continuous stirring. TEM... 

Rimoli, M. G, L. Avallone, P. de Caprariis, A. Galeone, F. Forni, M. A. Vandelli. 1999. Synthesis and characterization of poly(d,l-lactic acid)-idoxuridine conjugateControl. Rel.58 61-68. 

Maruyama, A, Ishihara, T., Kim, J.S., Kim, S.W. and Akaike, T. (1997) Nanoparticle DNA carrier with poly(L-lysine) grafted polysaccharide copolymer and poly(D,L-lactic acid). Bioconjug. Chem., 8, 735-742. 

Giannavola, C., et al. 2003. Influence of preparation conditions on acyclovir-loaded poly-D, L-lactic acid nanospheres and effect of PEG coating on ocular drug bioavailability. Pharm Res 20 584. 

D. J. Armstrong, P. N. Elliott, J. L. Ford, D. Gadsdon, G. P. McCarthy, C. Rostron, and M. D. Worsley, Poly-(D,L-lactic acid) microspheres incorporating histological dyes for intra-pulmonary histopathological studies, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 48 259 (1996). 

Important differences in the contour of poly (D,L- lactic acid) it - A isotherms resulting from the type of organic solvent from which the polymer was spread over the water subphase require explanation [58], The tt - A isotherms of poly (D,L-lactic acid) monolayers spread from various solvents are shown in Fig. 3.11 [58],... 

The properties of poly(D, L-lactic acid) monolayers spread at the air - water interface were also shown to be strongly dependent of the nature of the spreading solvent. In this case, the monolayers spread from acetone and tetrahydrofuran exhibited typical reversible collapse behavior in the compression - expansion cycle with a quasi - plateau at large areas followed by a steep rise in the surface pressure at small areas. Conversely, the monolayers spread from chloroform, dichloromethane,... 

Fig. 3.11 Surface pressure (Tr)-area (A) isotherms for poly(D, L-lactic acid) monolayers spread at the air/water interface 250 pg of polymer was spread from (1) acetone, (2) tetrahydrofuran, (3) ethyl acetate, (4) dichloromethane, and (5) chloroform. Arrows indicate area (125m2/g) at which Langmuir-Blodgett sampling was performed. Compression rate 34.5cm2/min, (From ref. [58])...

When the core is an oily liquid, the surrounding polymer is a single layer of polymer, and the vesicle is referred to as a nanocapsule. These systems have found utility in the encapsulation and delivery of hydrophobic drugs Polymers used for the formation of nanocapsules have typically included polyester homopolymers such as poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(caprolactone) PCL [112],... 

Uurto I, Mikkonen J, Parkkinen J, et al. Drug-eluting biodegradable poly-D/L-lactic acid vascular stents an experimental pilot study. J Endovasc Ther 2005 12(3) 371 -379. 

Gollwitzer H, Ibrahim K, Meyer H et al. (2003) Antibacterial poly(D,L-lactic acid) coating of medical implants using a biodegradable drug delivery technology. J Antimicrob Chemother 51 585-591... 

Park,T. G., Lu, W., and Crotts, G. (1995), Importance of in vitro experimental conditions on protein release kinetics, stability and polymer degradation in protein encapsulated poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) microspheres,/. Controlled Release, 33,211-222. 

Landry, F. B., Bazile, D. V., Spenlehauer, G., Veillard, M., and Kreuter, J. (1998), Peroral administration of 14C-poly(D,L-lactic acid) nanoparticles coated with human serum albumin or polyvinyl alcohol to guinea pigs,/. Drug Target., 6(4), 293-307. 

For drugs which are soluble in SC CO2, the SC fluid can be expanded info air, or info a solufion containing polymers and other additives, such as phospholipids or Tween 80.1 By varying depressurization, the product can be formed as very fine particles, fibers, thin films, or as biodegradable polymeric microspheres containing drug. Typical biodegradable polymers which are soluble in the SC fluid include poly(hydroxyacid) and poly(D,L-lactic acid). Scale-up has been complicated... 

Iwata M, McGinity JW. Preparation of multi-phase microspheres of poly(D,L-lactic acid) and poly(D,L-lactic co-glycolic acid) containing a w/o emulsion by a multiple emulsion solvent evaporation technique. / Microencapsul 1992 9(2) 201-214. 

AUemann E, Gumy R, Doelker E, et al. Distribution, kinetics and elimination of radioactivity after intravenous and intramuscular injection of 14C savoxepine loaded poly(D,L-lactic acid) nanospheres in rats. J Control Release 1994 29 97-104. 

Poly(D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolide) HIV tat, c-myc ODN, SODN, rib, hair [438,439] ... 

The hexadecafluoro ZnPc ZnPcF,g has also been formulated in biodegradable poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles and in PEG-coated PLA nanoparticles. As expected, PEG-coated nanoparticles displayed a reduced uptake by the... 

Chitosan and its amino acid derivatives (poly D, L-lactic acid) have been explored as an extracellular matrix-like surface to promote cell adhesion and growth [229]. Four kinds of chitosan-amino acid derivatives were prepared to minimize the carbohydrate moieties of cell matrix glycoproteins. 

Drug delivery microspheres, in particular smart systems with controlled release, have been developed with PLA and its copolymers with glycolide to produce poly[(D,L-lactic acid)-co-(glycolic acid)]. Since the 80 s up until the present, many publications have reported on the various applications in the pharmaceutical field for using PLA and copolymers and polymers for their sustained release parenteral formulations and performance in drug release in a controlled manner from microspheres [200, 201]. 

Messai I, Delair T (2005). Adsorption of chitosan onto poly(D,L-lactic acid) particles A physico-chemical investigation. Macromolecular Chem. Phys. 206 1665-1674. 

Leroux J-C, De Jaeghere F, Anner B, et al. (1995). An investigation on the role of plasma and serum opsonins on the evternalization of biodegradable poly(D,L-lactic acid) nanoparticles by human monocytes. Life Sciences. 57 695-703. 

Messai I, Lamalle D, Munier S, et al. (2005). Poly(D,L-lactic acid) and chitosan complexes interactions with plasmid DNA. Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochem. Engin. Aspects. 255 65-72. 

Membranes of poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA), PDLLA modified with collagen (PDLLA/collagen) and PDLLA modified with chitosan (PDLLA/chitosan) were transplanted onto alkali-burned corneas Hyaluronic-acid-immobilized chitosan (CS-HYA) films crosslinked with EDC... 

Burt H, Jackson J, Bains S, Liggins R, Oktaba A, Arsenault A, Hunter W. Controlled delivery of taxol from microspheres composed of a blend of ethyle-nevinyl acetate copolymer and poly(d,l-lactic acid). Cancer Lett 1995 88 73-79. 

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